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KNH 209 > Chapter 4: The Musculoskeletal System and Orthopedics > Flashcards

Chapter 4: The Musculoskeletal System and Orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

axial

A

bones in the middle of the skeleton

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2
Q

cranio

A

skull

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3
Q

vertebra

A

spine

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4
Q

cervical

A

neck section of spine

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5
Q

thoracic

A

chest/upper back section

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6
Q

lumbar, sacral

A

lower back

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7
Q

costo

A

ribs (in the thoracic section)

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8
Q

brachio

A

upper arm

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9
Q

radius, ulna

A

forearm

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10
Q

carpo

A

wrist

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11
Q

phalanges

A

fingers and toes

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12
Q

femur

A

thigh

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13
Q

tibia, fibula

A

lower leg

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14
Q

tarsal

A

ankle

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15
Q

myel

A

bone marrow

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16
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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17
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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18
Q

lumb/o

A

loin, lower back

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19
Q

dactyl/o

A

finger

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20
Q

flexion

A

bending of a joint

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21
Q

extension

A

straightening of a joint

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22
Q

abduction

A

move away from the body

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23
Q

adduction

A

move toward the body

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24
Q

tendons

A

attach muscle to bone

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25
Q

ligaments

A

attach bone to bone

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26
Q

cartilage

A

surrounds bones at joints and allows for smooth movement among them

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27
Q

bursae

A

sacs of fluid under tendons that keep muscles and bones moving smoothly

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28
Q

chondro

A

cartilage

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29
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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30
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

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31
Q

fascia

A

thick membrane that encases skeletal muscle and helps keep it together

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32
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon

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33
Q

muscul/o, my/o, myos/o

A

muscle

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34
Q

ton/o

A

tone, tension

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35
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement, motion

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36
Q

tax/o

A

arrangement, order, coordination

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37
Q

paresis

A

partial paralysis

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38
Q

plegia

A

complete paralysis

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39
Q

atrophy

A

wasting away of muscle

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40
Q

hypertrophy

A

abnormally large muscle

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41
Q

costalgia

A

rib pain

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42
Q

ostealgia

A

bone pain

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43
Q

osteodynia

A

bone pain

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44
Q

spondylodynia

A

vertebra pain

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45
Q

tibialgia

A

tibia (shin) pain

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46
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

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47
Q

arthrodynia

A

joint pain

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48
Q

cervicodynia

A

neck pain

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49
Q

bradykinesia

A

slow movement

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50
Q

dyskinesia

A

inability to control movement

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51
Q

dystaxia

A

poor coordination

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52
Q

dystonia

A

poor muscle tone

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53
Q

hyperkinesia

A

increase in muscle movement or activity

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54
Q

hypotonia

A

decrease in muscle tone or tightness

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55
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

56
Q

myasthenia

A

muscle weakness

57
Q

tenalgia

A

tendon pain

58
Q

osteolysis

A

bone destruction

59
Q

exostosis

A

extra bone growth

60
Q

ROM

A

range of motion (as with a joint)

61
Q

joint laxity

A

extra joint movement

62
Q

effusion

A

fluid around the joint

63
Q

myotonia

A

muscle tone

64
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture of a joint

65
Q

arthroscope

A

instrument for looking into a joint

66
Q

arthroscopy

A

procedure of looking into a joint

67
Q

arthrogram

A

visual record of a joint

68
Q

computed axial tomography (CAT)

A

imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis

69
Q

kyphosis

A

humped back, abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine

70
Q

lordosis

A

sway back, abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine

71
Q

scoliosis

A

crooked back, abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

72
Q

fracture

A

a bone break

73
Q

osteodystrophy

A

poor bone development

74
Q

spondylitis

A

vertebra inflammation

75
Q

spondylomalacia

A

softening of the vertebra

76
Q

tarsoptosis

A

flat feet

77
Q

myolysis

A

loss of muscle tissue

78
Q

osteitis

A

bone inflammation

79
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of bone and cartilage

80
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of the bone

81
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

82
Q

osteopenia

A

reduction in bone volume

83
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of bone desity

84
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra

85
Q

spondylosis

A

vertebra condition

86
Q

arthritis

A

joint inflammation

87
Q

arthropathy

A

joint disease

88
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa

89
Q

osteoarthritis (OA)

A

inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight

90
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

inflammation of the joints, symptoms resembling those of rheumatic fever

91
Q

septic arthritis

A

joint inflammation marked by infection

92
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage of the rib

93
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

disorder characterized by poor muscle development

94
Q

myopathy

A

muscle disease

95
Q

myositis

A

muscle inflammation

96
Q

tendinitis, tendonitis

A

tendon inflammation

97
Q

osteochondroma

A

a tumor made up of bone and cartilage, also known as exostosis made up of cartilage

98
Q

chondroma

A

a tumor-like growth of cartilage tissue

99
Q

myoma

A

a muscle tumor

100
Q

myosarcoma

A

a cancerous muscle tumor

101
Q

orthotics

A

devices used to relieve tension on a joint

102
Q

graft

A

installation of new bone

103
Q

prosthesis

A

installation of artificial hardware

104
Q

osteoplasty

A

reconstruction of bone procedure

105
Q

arthrectomy

A

removal of a diseased joint

106
Q

chondroplasty

A

fixing bad cartilage of a joint

107
Q

myodesis

A

attaching leftover muscle to bone

108
Q

arthrodesis

A

fixing two bones surrounding a joint

109
Q

analgesic

A

a drug that relieves pain

110
Q

antiarthritic

A

a drug that opposes joint inflammation

111
Q

anti-inflammatory

A

a drug that opposes inflammation

112
Q

carpectomy

A

removal of all or part of the wrist

113
Q

costectomy

A

removal of a rib

114
Q

craniectomy

A

removal of a portion of the skull (that will not be replaced)

115
Q

craniotomy

A

removal of a portion of the skull (that will be replaced)

116
Q

arthroplasty

A

reconstruction of a joint

117
Q

arthrotomy

A

incision into a joint

118
Q

chondrectomy

A

removal of cartilage

119
Q

myectomy

A

removal of muscle

120
Q

myomectomy

A

removal of a muscle tumor

121
Q

myoplasty

A

muscle reconstruction

122
Q

myorrhaphy

A

muscle suture

123
Q

myotomy

A

incision into muscle

124
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

suture of a tendon

125
Q

Fx

A

fracture

126
Q

ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament

127
Q

MCL

A

medial collateral ligament

128
Q

LCL

A

lateral collateral ligament

129
Q

PCL

A

posterior cruciate ligament

130
Q

C1-C7

A

cervical (neck) vertebrae

131
Q

T1-T12

A

thoracic (chest) vertebrae

132
Q

L1-L5

A

lumbar (loin) vertebrae

132
Q

S1-S5

A

sacral vertebrae

133
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

134
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

135
Q

NSAID

A

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

136
Q

TKR

A

total knee replacement

KNH 209 (10 decks)

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