Chapter 4: The Musculoskeletal System and Orthopedics Flashcards
1
Q
axial
A
bones in the middle of the skeleton
2
Q
cranio
A
skull
3
Q
vertebra
A
spine
4
Q
cervical
A
neck section of spine
5
Q
thoracic
A
chest/upper back section
6
Q
lumbar, sacral
A
lower back
7
Q
costo
A
ribs (in the thoracic section)
8
Q
brachio
A
upper arm
9
Q
radius, ulna
A
forearm
10
Q
carpo
A
wrist
11
Q
phalanges
A
fingers and toes
12
Q
femur
A
thigh
13
Q
tibia, fibula
A
lower leg
14
Q
tarsal
A
ankle
15
Q
myel
A
bone marrow
16
Q
oste/o
A
bone
17
Q
spondyl/o
A
vertebra
18
Q
lumb/o
A
loin, lower back
19
Q
dactyl/o
A
finger
20
Q
flexion
A
bending of a joint
21
Q
extension
A
straightening of a joint
22
Q
abduction
A
move away from the body
23
Q
adduction
A
move toward the body
24
Q
tendons
A
attach muscle to bone
25
ligaments
attach bone to bone
26
cartilage
surrounds bones at joints and allows for smooth movement among them
27
bursae
sacs of fluid under tendons that keep muscles and bones moving smoothly
28
chondro
cartilage
29
arthr/o
joint
30
burs/o
bursa
31
fascia
thick membrane that encases skeletal muscle and helps keep it together
32
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon
33
muscul/o, my/o, myos/o
muscle
34
ton/o
tone, tension
35
kinesi/o
movement, motion
36
tax/o
arrangement, order, coordination
37
paresis
partial paralysis
38
plegia
complete paralysis
39
atrophy
wasting away of muscle
40
hypertrophy
abnormally large muscle
41
costalgia
rib pain
42
ostealgia
bone pain
43
osteodynia
bone pain
44
spondylodynia
vertebra pain
45
tibialgia
tibia (shin) pain
46
arthralgia
joint pain
47
arthrodynia
joint pain
48
cervicodynia
neck pain
49
bradykinesia
slow movement
50
dyskinesia
inability to control movement
51
dystaxia
poor coordination
52
dystonia
poor muscle tone
53
hyperkinesia
increase in muscle movement or activity
54
hypotonia
decrease in muscle tone or tightness
55
myalgia
muscle pain
56
myasthenia
muscle weakness
57
tenalgia
tendon pain
58
osteolysis
bone destruction
59
exostosis
extra bone growth
60
ROM
range of motion (as with a joint)
61
joint laxity
extra joint movement
62
effusion
fluid around the joint
63
myotonia
muscle tone
64
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint
65
arthroscope
instrument for looking into a joint
66
arthroscopy
procedure of looking into a joint
67
arthrogram
visual record of a joint
68
computed axial tomography (CAT)
imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis
69
kyphosis
humped back, abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine
70
lordosis
sway back, abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine
71
scoliosis
crooked back, abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
72
fracture
a bone break
73
osteodystrophy
poor bone development
74
spondylitis
vertebra inflammation
75
spondylomalacia
softening of the vertebra
76
tarsoptosis
flat feet
77
myolysis
loss of muscle tissue
78
osteitis
bone inflammation
79
osteochondritis
inflammation of bone and cartilage
80
osteomalacia
softening of the bone
81
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
82
osteopenia
reduction in bone volume
83
osteoporosis
loss of bone desity
84
spondylolisthesis
the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra
85
spondylosis
vertebra condition
86
arthritis
joint inflammation
87
arthropathy
joint disease
88
bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
89
osteoarthritis (OA)
inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight
90
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
inflammation of the joints, symptoms resembling those of rheumatic fever
91
septic arthritis
joint inflammation marked by infection
92
costochondritis
inflammation of the cartilage of the rib
93
muscular dystrophy (MD)
disorder characterized by poor muscle development
94
myopathy
muscle disease
95
myositis
muscle inflammation
96
tendinitis, tendonitis
tendon inflammation
97
osteochondroma
a tumor made up of bone and cartilage, also known as exostosis made up of cartilage
98
chondroma
a tumor-like growth of cartilage tissue
99
myoma
a muscle tumor
100
myosarcoma
a cancerous muscle tumor
101
orthotics
devices used to relieve tension on a joint
102
graft
installation of new bone
103
prosthesis
installation of artificial hardware
104
osteoplasty
reconstruction of bone procedure
105
arthrectomy
removal of a diseased joint
106
chondroplasty
fixing bad cartilage of a joint
107
myodesis
attaching leftover muscle to bone
108
arthrodesis
fixing two bones surrounding a joint
109
analgesic
a drug that relieves pain
110
antiarthritic
a drug that opposes joint inflammation
111
anti-inflammatory
a drug that opposes inflammation
112
carpectomy
removal of all or part of the wrist
113
costectomy
removal of a rib
114
craniectomy
removal of a portion of the skull (that will not be replaced)
115
craniotomy
removal of a portion of the skull (that will be replaced)
116
arthroplasty
reconstruction of a joint
117
arthrotomy
incision into a joint
118
chondrectomy
removal of cartilage
119
myectomy
removal of muscle
120
myomectomy
removal of a muscle tumor
121
myoplasty
muscle reconstruction
122
myorrhaphy
muscle suture
123
myotomy
incision into muscle
124
tenorrhaphy
suture of a tendon
125
Fx
fracture
126
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
127
MCL
medial collateral ligament
128
LCL
lateral collateral ligament
129
PCL
posterior cruciate ligament
130
C1-C7
cervical (neck) vertebrae
131
T1-T12
thoracic (chest) vertebrae
132
L1-L5
lumbar (loin) vertebrae
132
S1-S5
sacral vertebrae
133
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
134
EMG
electromyogram
135
NSAID
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
136
TKR
total knee replacement
