Chapter 5: The Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
peripheral nervous system
A
part of the nervous system that collects data
2
Q
central nervous system
A
part of the nervous system that processes details and formulates a response
3
Q
somatic nervous system
A
part of the nervous system relating to voluntary command of the body’s actions
4
Q
autonomic nervous system
A
part of the nervous system relating to involuntary actions of the body
5
Q
afferent nerve
A
nerve that carries impulses toward the CNS
6
Q
efferent nerve
A
a nerve that carries impulses away from the CNS
7
Q
cerebellum
A
controls coordination of movement
8
Q
cerebrum
A
largest portion of the brain
9
Q
mininges
A
protective membrane around CNS
10
Q
dura
A
tough outer layer of meninges
11
Q
cerebr/o, encephal/o
A
brain
12
Q
cerebell/o
A
cerebellum
13
Q
cephal/o
A
head
14
Q
crani/o
A
head, skull
15
Q
mening/o, meningi/o
A
meninges
16
Q
dur/o
A
dura
17
Q
neur/o
A
nerve
18
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord, bone marrow
19
Q
esthesi/o
A
feeling, sensation
20
Q
phas/o
A
speech
21
Q
phren/o, psych/o
A
mind
22
Q
gnosi/o
A
know
23
Q
-mania
A
excessive desire
24
Q
-phobia
A
excessive fear or sensitivity
25
ablutophobia
the fear of taking a bath
26
acrophobia
the fear of heights
27
alektorophobia
the fear of chickens
28
arachnophobia
the fear of spiders
29
cynophobia
the fear of dogs
30
dendrophobia
the fear of trees
31
gynophobia
the fear of women
32
ichthyphobia
the fear of fish
33
nyctophobia
the fear of being afraid
34
triskaidakaphobia
the fear of the number 13
35
delirium
a sudden state of confusion or abrupt loss of awareness of his or her surroundings
36
aphasia
inability to speak
37
dementia
loss/decline in mental function
38
dysphasia
difficulty speaking
39
neurasthenia
nerve weakness
40
syncope
fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to the brain
41
cephalgia
head pain
42
neuralgia
nerve pain
43
agoraphobia
the fear of outdoor spaces
44
hydrophobia
the fear of water
45
kleptomania
the desire to steal
46
pyromania
the desire to set fire
47
CT scan
complex, speedy type of x-ray
48
MRI
imaging technique that offers a more detailed view and is used especially when the cerebellum is of special importance
49
ultrasound
imaging technique that assesses blood circulation to the brain and monitors the speed of blood in blood vessels
50
electroencephalography (EEG)
procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain
51
lumbar puncture (LP)
inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid, commonly called a "spinal tap"
52
cerebral anglography
procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain
53
myelogram
image of the spinal cord, usually done using an x-ray
54
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
an imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain
55
encephalocele
hernia of the brain (normally through a defect in the skull)
56
hematoma
a tumor-like mass made up of blood
57
epidural hematoma
a hematoma located on top of the dura
58
intracerebral hematoma
a hematoma located inside the brain
59
subdural hematoma
a hematoma located beneath the dura
60
meningocele
a hernia of the meninges
61
neuritis
nerve inflammation
62
psychiatrist
doctor why specializes in treatment of the mind
63
psychiatry
branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind
64
psychologist
doctor who specializes in the study of the mind
65
psychology
branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind
66
psychosomatic
pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind
67
neurogenic
originates from the nervous system
68
psychogenic
originates from the mind
69
intracranial pressure (ICP)
pressure in the brain
70
hemorrhagic stroke
rupture in blood vessel disrupting critical blood supply to the brain
71
ischemic stroke
blockage cutting off blood supply to the brain
72
seizure
involuntary changes in muscle tone due to abnormal firing of nerves
73
neuralgia
nerve pain
74
peripheral neuropathy
damage to nerves
75
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain
76
stroke
loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain
77
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
a "mini-stroke" caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves (goes away) within 24 hours
78
hydrocephaly
abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain
79
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
80
encephalopathy
disease of the brain
81
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
82
myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord
83
neuropathy
disease of the nervous system
84
poliomyelitis
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
85
anorexia
an eating disorder characterized by the patient's refusal to eat
86
autism
a psychiatric disorder characterized by withdrawal from communication with others; the patient is focused only on the self
87
bulimia
an eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced vomiting or other compensatory behaviors
88
cerebral palsy (CP)
paralysis caused by damage to the brain responsible for movement
89
epilepsy
a disease marked by siezures
90
narcolepsy
a disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness
91
neurosis
a nerve condition
92
psychosis
a mind condition
93
schizophrenia
a mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech
94
local
anesthetics injected into a small area
95
epidural
anesthetics injected into a small group of nerves
96
general
anesthetics affecting the entire body
97
neurotransmitters
chemicals that allow communication between nerves
98
endarterectomy
direct cutting and cleaning of a partially blocked artery
99
cranioplasty
procedure to help remedy skull problems
100
laminectomy
removal of part of the vertebral bone
101
discectomy
removal of part of an intervertebral disc
102
hydrocephalus
insertion of a special drain leading from the brain into another part of the body
103
ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt
when the drain of a hydrocephalus is placed in the open area surrounding the inside of the abdomen
104
lobectomy
removal of a lobe of the brain
105
anesthetic
drug that causes loss of sensation
106
analgesic
drug that relieves pain
107
anticonvulsant
drug that opposes convulsions
108
antipsychotic
drug that opposes psychoses
109
anxiolytic
drug that lessens anxiety
110
craniectomy
removal of a piece of the skull
111
craniotomy
incision into the skull
112
neurectomy
removal of a nerve
113
neurolysis
destruction of nerve tissue
114
neuroplasty
reconstruction of a nerve
115
neurorrhaphy
suturing of a nerve (often severed ends of a nerve)
116
ADHD
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
117
ALS
Lou Gehrig's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
