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KNH 209 > Chapter 12: The Urinary and Male Reproductive Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 12: The Urinary and Male Reproductive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

nephron

A

basic working unit of the kidney

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2
Q

glomerulus

A

cluster of small blood vessels in the kidney that filter the blood and force water and nutrients into the surrounding capsule

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3
Q

renal pelvis

A

basin of the kidney in which tubes dump waste

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4
Q

ureters

A

long vessels from each kidney that drain the renal pelvis into the bladder

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5
Q

bladder

A

a large holding bag for urine

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6
Q

urethra

A

the passage through which urine empties out of the body

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7
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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8
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

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9
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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10
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine

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11
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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12
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder

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13
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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14
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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15
Q

gonad

A

organ that makes haploid cells for reproduction (testicles and ovaries)

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16
Q

testosterone

A

male hormone that causes male character traits such as muscle growth and facial hair

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17
Q

testicles

A

male gonads that produce sperm

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18
Q

epididymis

A

area where sperm cells are stored

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19
Q

vas deferens

A

ducts that the sperm cells exit the epididymis through during sexual intercourse

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20
Q

semen

A

carrier fluid that mixes with sperm cells

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21
Q

seminal vesicles and prostate gland

A

structures responsible for producing the majority of semen

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22
Q

ejaculation

A

ejection of semen out of the body through the penis

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23
Q

male genitals

A

the visible parts of the male reproductive system: penis and scrotum

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24
Q

penis

A

the organ for directing urine and sperm outside the body

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25
Q

scrotum

A

external sac that holds the testicles in place outside the body

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26
Q

balan/o

A

penis

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27
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

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28
Q

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o

A

testicle

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29
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate

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30
Q

sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i

A

sperm

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31
Q

nephralgia

A

kidney pain

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32
Q

renal colic

A

severe kidney pain that comes in waves; very good indicator of a kidney stone

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33
Q

urethralgia

A

pain in the urethra; often caused by infection or irritation from chemicals

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34
Q

impotence

A

erections not lasting long enough for sexual intercourse

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35
Q

anuria

A

lack of urination

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36
Q

cystalgia

A

pain in the bladder

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37
Q

cystodynia

A

pain in the bladder

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38
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

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39
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary urination

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40
Q

hematuria

A

bloody urination

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41
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control urination

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42
Q

oliguria

A

low urine output

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43
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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44
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

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45
Q

urethrodynia

A

pain in the urethra

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46
Q

urethrorrhea

A

discharge from the urethra

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47
Q

urodynia

A

painful urination

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48
Q

balanorrhea

A

discharge from the penis

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49
Q

orchialgia

A

testicle pain

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50
Q

orchichorea

A

involuntary jerking movement of the testicles

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51
Q

orchidoptosis

A

downward displacement of a testicle

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52
Q

orchiodynia

A

testicle pain

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53
Q

priapism

A

persistent and painful erection

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54
Q

edema

A

swelling; in this chapter, it refers to swelling in the feet that can be a symptom of kidney failure

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55
Q

suprapubic tenderness

A

pain in the lower abdomen; may indicate inflammation of the bladder

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56
Q

costovertebral angle

A

specific angle of pushing on the lower back; pain there can warn of kidney infection

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57
Q

urethral meatus

A

the hole in the penis through which urine comes out

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58
Q

meatal stenosis

A

too small urethral meatus

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59
Q

hernia

A

misplaced intestines (or other organ)

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60
Q

proteinuria

A

protein in the urine

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61
Q

ketonuria

A

urine that includes ketones (byproduct of fat breakdown)

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62
Q

microscopic hematuria

A

blood in the urine that can only be seen with lab testing

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63
Q

gross hematuria

A

blood in the urine that can be seen by the naked eye

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64
Q

hyperkalemia

A

high potassium levels in the blood

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65
Q

hyponatremia

A

low sodium levels in the blood

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66
Q

azotemia

A

blood urea nitrogen is too high

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67
Q

sperm count

A

a test of how many sperm cells are present in a patient’s semen

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68
Q

oligospermia

A

low sperm counts

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69
Q

hydronephrosis

A

condition of kidneys being filled with fluid; often a good indicator of an anatomical problem of the urinary tract

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70
Q

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

A

imaging test in which the patient receives an intravenous injection of a special dye and then undergoes a CT scan of the urinary tract

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71
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stone

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72
Q

ureterostenosis

A

narrowing of the ureter

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73
Q

ureterocele

A

development of a pouch in the ureter

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74
Q

ureteroscope

A

camera that is inserted into the ureter

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75
Q

urodynamic testing

A

test characterized by watching the flow of urine

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76
Q

albuminuria

A

protein in the urine

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77
Q

azoturia

A

excess nitrogen in the urine

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78
Q

cystorrhexis

A

rupture of the bladder

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79
Q

dipsogenic

A

creating thirst

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80
Q

glycosuria, glucosuria

A

sugar in the urine

81
Q

nephroptosis

A

downward displacement of a kidney

82
Q

nephrosis

A

kidney condition

83
Q

uremia

A

urine in the blood

84
Q

urethrostenosis

A

narrowing of the urethra

85
Q

cystoscopy

A

process for examining the bladder

86
Q

nephroscopy

A

procedure for examining a kidney

87
Q

urethroscopy

A

process of examining the urethra

88
Q

urinalysis (UA)

A

analysis of the urine

89
Q

nephrosonography

A

procedure for imaging a kidney using sound waves

90
Q

pyelogram

A

image of the renal pelvis

91
Q

renal angiography

A

process of imaging a kidney blood vessel

92
Q

renal arteriogram

A

image of a kidney artery

93
Q

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

A

image of the renal pelvis produced by injecting a contrast dye from the bladder to the kidney

94
Q

ultrasonography

A

imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves

95
Q

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

A

imaging procedure of the bladder and urethra produced during urination

96
Q

transrectal ultrasonography

A

procedure using a probe inserted into the rectum using high-frequency sound waves to scan through the rectum to nearby tissue (most commonly, the prostate)

97
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the breakdown of amino acids for energy

98
Q

diuresis

A

excessive urination

99
Q

nephrologist

A

specialist in the kidneys

100
Q

nephrology

A

study of the kidneys

101
Q

urologist

A

specialist in the urinary tract

102
Q

urology

A

study of the urinary tract

103
Q

anorchidism

A

lack of a testicle

104
Q

aspermia, azoospermia

A

condition characterized by lack of sperm

105
Q

cryptorchidism

A

hidden testicle

106
Q

hydrocele

A

fluid-filled mass (such as in a testicle)

107
Q

hypospadias

A

birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, instead of the end, of the penis

108
Q

phimosis

A

contraction of the foreskin of the penis, preventing it from being retracted

109
Q

prostatomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the prostate

110
Q

digital rectal exam (DRE)

A

examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum

111
Q

spermatogenesis

A

creation of sperm

112
Q

nephrosis

A

kidney problems without inflammation

113
Q

cystitis

A

infection of the bladder

114
Q

vesicoureteral reflux

A

condition in which urine flows back toward the kidneys from the bladder

115
Q

nephroma

A

tumor of the kidney

116
Q

cystoma

A

tumor of the bladder

117
Q

renal ischemia

A

poor blood supply to the kidneys

118
Q

renal artery stenosis

A

narrowing of the arteries that lead to the kidney

119
Q

renovascular hypertension

A

when the kidneys release signals to rest of the body to increase the blood’s pressure

120
Q

benign prostate hypertrophy

A

enlargement of the prostate gland

121
Q

testicular torsion

A

twisting of a testicle; can cut of blood supply to the testicle and is considered a medical emergency

122
Q

epididymitis

A

infection of the epididymis

123
Q

cystocele

A

hernia of the bladder

124
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli

125
Q

hydronephrosis

A

kidney condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow

126
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney

127
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

presence of stones in the kidney

128
Q

nephromalacia

A

abnormal softening of a kidney

129
Q

nephromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of a kidney

130
Q

nephromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of a kidney

131
Q

nephropathy

A

any kidney disease

132
Q

nephroptosis

A

downward displacement of a kidney

133
Q

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

A

disease characterized by the formation of many fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

134
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

135
Q

pyelopathy

A

disease of the renal pelvis

136
Q

renal failure

A

kidney failure

137
Q

stress urinary incontinence (SUI)

A

loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure (laughing, coughing, etc)

138
Q

ureteritis

A

inflammation of a ureter

139
Q

ureteropyelonephritis

A

inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter

140
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

141
Q

urethrocystitis

A

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

142
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

infection of the urinary tract

143
Q

renal cell carcinoma

A

cancer of the kidneys

144
Q

testicular carcinoma

A

testicular cancer

145
Q

balanitis

A

inflammation of the penis

146
Q

benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)

A

noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate; aka enlarged prostate

147
Q

orchiditis

A

inflammation of the testicles

148
Q

orchitis

A

inflammation of the testicles

149
Q

prostatitis

A

inflammation of the prostate

150
Q

testitis

A

inflammation of a testicle

151
Q

varicocele

A

overexpansion of the blood vessels of the testicles, leading to a soft tumor

152
Q

gonorrhea

A

discharge from the gonads

153
Q

antidiuretic

A

medicine used to help the patient urinate less

154
Q

catheter

A

a small tube inserted into the bladder to help with urination or to get a urine sample

155
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

dialysis involving the inner lining of the abdomen

156
Q

hemodialysis

A

dialysis involving a machine outside the body

157
Q

urethroplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the urethra

158
Q

nephrocystanastomosis

A

formation of a connection between the kidney and bladder

159
Q

transurethral needle ablation

A

use of a heated needle to remove part of the prostate

160
Q

testicular prosthesis

A

placement of a fake testicle in the scrotum

161
Q

cystectomy

A

surgical removal of the bladder

162
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body

163
Q

heminephrectomy

A

surgical removal of half a kidney

164
Q

hemodialysis (HD)

A

procedure for removing waste from the bloodstream

165
Q

kidney dialysis

A

procedure for removing waste from the blood (an alternative name for hemodialysis)

166
Q

laparonephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen

167
Q

lithectomy

A

surgical removal of a stone

168
Q

lithotripsy

A

breakdown of a stone

169
Q

nephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney

170
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision into a kidney to remove a stone

171
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical fixation of a kidney

172
Q

nephrostomy

A

creation of an opening in a kidney

173
Q

nephrotomy

A

incision into a kidney

174
Q

nephrotoxin

A

agent poisonous to the kidney

175
Q

pyelolithotomy

A

incision into a renal pelvis to remove a stone

176
Q

pyelostomy

A

creation of an opening in a renal pelvis

177
Q

ureteroplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of a ureter

178
Q

urinary catheterization

A

insertion of a catheter into the bladder to drain urine

179
Q

antispasmodic

A

drug used to prevent spasms

180
Q

diuretic

A

agent that causes urination

181
Q

spermicide

A

agent that kills sperm

182
Q

circumcision

A

surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis

183
Q

orchidectomy

A

surgical removal of a testicle

184
Q

orchidopexy

A

surgical fixation of a testicle

185
Q

orchidotomy

A

incision into a testicle

186
Q

orchiectomy

A

surgical removal of a testicle

187
Q

orchiopexy

A

surgical fixation of a testicle

188
Q

orchioplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of a testicle

189
Q

prostatectomy

A

surgical removal of the prostate

190
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A

procedure of removing all or part of the prostate by the insertion of a resectoscope into the urethra

191
Q

vasectomy

A

surgical removal of the vas deferens

192
Q

vasovasostomy

A

creation of an opening between two vessels; the technical term for a vasectomy reversal

193
Q

ED

A

erectile dysfunction

194
Q

I&O

A

intake and output

195
Q

KUB

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder

196
Q

OAB

A

overactive bladder

197
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

198
Q

STD, STI

A

sexually transmitted disease, sexually transmitted infection

KNH 209 (10 decks)

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