Chapter 12: The Urinary and Male Reproductive Systems Flashcards
1
Q
nephron
A
basic working unit of the kidney
2
Q
glomerulus
A
cluster of small blood vessels in the kidney that filter the blood and force water and nutrients into the surrounding capsule
3
Q
renal pelvis
A
basin of the kidney in which tubes dump waste
4
Q
ureters
A
long vessels from each kidney that drain the renal pelvis into the bladder
5
Q
bladder
A
a large holding bag for urine
6
Q
urethra
A
the passage through which urine empties out of the body
7
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
8
Q
nephr/o, ren/o
A
kidney
9
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
10
Q
ur/o, urin/o
A
urine
11
Q
lith/o
A
stone
12
Q
cyst/o, vesic/o
A
bladder
13
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
14
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
15
Q
gonad
A
organ that makes haploid cells for reproduction (testicles and ovaries)
16
Q
testosterone
A
male hormone that causes male character traits such as muscle growth and facial hair
17
Q
testicles
A
male gonads that produce sperm
18
Q
epididymis
A
area where sperm cells are stored
19
Q
vas deferens
A
ducts that the sperm cells exit the epididymis through during sexual intercourse
20
Q
semen
A
carrier fluid that mixes with sperm cells
21
Q
seminal vesicles and prostate gland
A
structures responsible for producing the majority of semen
22
Q
ejaculation
A
ejection of semen out of the body through the penis
23
Q
male genitals
A
the visible parts of the male reproductive system: penis and scrotum
24
Q
penis
A
the organ for directing urine and sperm outside the body
25
scrotum
external sac that holds the testicles in place outside the body
26
balan/o
penis
27
epididym/o
epididymis
28
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o
testicle
29
prostat/o
prostate
30
sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i
sperm
31
nephralgia
kidney pain
32
renal colic
severe kidney pain that comes in waves; very good indicator of a kidney stone
33
urethralgia
pain in the urethra; often caused by infection or irritation from chemicals
34
impotence
erections not lasting long enough for sexual intercourse
35
anuria
lack of urination
36
cystalgia
pain in the bladder
37
cystodynia
pain in the bladder
38
dysuria
painful urination
39
enuresis
involuntary urination
40
hematuria
bloody urination
41
incontinence
inability to control urination
42
oliguria
low urine output
43
polydipsia
excessive thirst
44
pyuria
pus in the urine
45
urethrodynia
pain in the urethra
46
urethrorrhea
discharge from the urethra
47
urodynia
painful urination
48
balanorrhea
discharge from the penis
49
orchialgia
testicle pain
50
orchichorea
involuntary jerking movement of the testicles
51
orchidoptosis
downward displacement of a testicle
52
orchiodynia
testicle pain
53
priapism
persistent and painful erection
54
edema
swelling; in this chapter, it refers to swelling in the feet that can be a symptom of kidney failure
55
suprapubic tenderness
pain in the lower abdomen; may indicate inflammation of the bladder
56
costovertebral angle
specific angle of pushing on the lower back; pain there can warn of kidney infection
57
urethral meatus
the hole in the penis through which urine comes out
58
meatal stenosis
too small urethral meatus
59
hernia
misplaced intestines (or other organ)
60
proteinuria
protein in the urine
61
ketonuria
urine that includes ketones (byproduct of fat breakdown)
62
microscopic hematuria
blood in the urine that can only be seen with lab testing
63
gross hematuria
blood in the urine that can be seen by the naked eye
64
hyperkalemia
high potassium levels in the blood
65
hyponatremia
low sodium levels in the blood
66
azotemia
blood urea nitrogen is too high
67
sperm count
a test of how many sperm cells are present in a patient's semen
68
oligospermia
low sperm counts
69
hydronephrosis
condition of kidneys being filled with fluid; often a good indicator of an anatomical problem of the urinary tract
70
intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
imaging test in which the patient receives an intravenous injection of a special dye and then undergoes a CT scan of the urinary tract
71
nephrolithiasis
kidney stone
72
ureterostenosis
narrowing of the ureter
73
ureterocele
development of a pouch in the ureter
74
ureteroscope
camera that is inserted into the ureter
75
urodynamic testing
test characterized by watching the flow of urine
76
albuminuria
protein in the urine
77
azoturia
excess nitrogen in the urine
78
cystorrhexis
rupture of the bladder
79
dipsogenic
creating thirst
80
glycosuria, glucosuria
sugar in the urine
81
nephroptosis
downward displacement of a kidney
82
nephrosis
kidney condition
83
uremia
urine in the blood
84
urethrostenosis
narrowing of the urethra
85
cystoscopy
process for examining the bladder
86
nephroscopy
procedure for examining a kidney
87
urethroscopy
process of examining the urethra
88
urinalysis (UA)
analysis of the urine
89
nephrosonography
procedure for imaging a kidney using sound waves
90
pyelogram
image of the renal pelvis
91
renal angiography
process of imaging a kidney blood vessel
92
renal arteriogram
image of a kidney artery
93
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
image of the renal pelvis produced by injecting a contrast dye from the bladder to the kidney
94
ultrasonography
imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves
95
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
imaging procedure of the bladder and urethra produced during urination
96
transrectal ultrasonography
procedure using a probe inserted into the rectum using high-frequency sound waves to scan through the rectum to nearby tissue (most commonly, the prostate)
97
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the breakdown of amino acids for energy
98
diuresis
excessive urination
99
nephrologist
specialist in the kidneys
100
nephrology
study of the kidneys
101
urologist
specialist in the urinary tract
102
urology
study of the urinary tract
103
anorchidism
lack of a testicle
104
aspermia, azoospermia
condition characterized by lack of sperm
105
cryptorchidism
hidden testicle
106
hydrocele
fluid-filled mass (such as in a testicle)
107
hypospadias
birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, instead of the end, of the penis
108
phimosis
contraction of the foreskin of the penis, preventing it from being retracted
109
prostatomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the prostate
110
digital rectal exam (DRE)
examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum
111
spermatogenesis
creation of sperm
112
nephrosis
kidney problems without inflammation
113
cystitis
infection of the bladder
114
vesicoureteral reflux
condition in which urine flows back toward the kidneys from the bladder
115
nephroma
tumor of the kidney
116
cystoma
tumor of the bladder
117
renal ischemia
poor blood supply to the kidneys
118
renal artery stenosis
narrowing of the arteries that lead to the kidney
119
renovascular hypertension
when the kidneys release signals to rest of the body to increase the blood's pressure
120
benign prostate hypertrophy
enlargement of the prostate gland
121
testicular torsion
twisting of a testicle; can cut of blood supply to the testicle and is considered a medical emergency
122
epididymitis
infection of the epididymis
123
cystocele
hernia of the bladder
124
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli
125
hydronephrosis
kidney condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow
126
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
127
nephrolithiasis
presence of stones in the kidney
128
nephromalacia
abnormal softening of a kidney
129
nephromegaly
abnormal enlargement of a kidney
130
nephromegaly
abnormal enlargement of a kidney
131
nephropathy
any kidney disease
132
nephroptosis
downward displacement of a kidney
133
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
disease characterized by the formation of many fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
134
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
135
pyelopathy
disease of the renal pelvis
136
renal failure
kidney failure
137
stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure (laughing, coughing, etc)
138
ureteritis
inflammation of a ureter
139
ureteropyelonephritis
inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter
140
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
141
urethrocystitis
inflammation of the urethra and bladder
142
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of the urinary tract
143
renal cell carcinoma
cancer of the kidneys
144
testicular carcinoma
testicular cancer
145
balanitis
inflammation of the penis
146
benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)
noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate; aka enlarged prostate
147
orchiditis
inflammation of the testicles
148
orchitis
inflammation of the testicles
149
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate
150
testitis
inflammation of a testicle
151
varicocele
overexpansion of the blood vessels of the testicles, leading to a soft tumor
152
gonorrhea
discharge from the gonads
153
antidiuretic
medicine used to help the patient urinate less
154
catheter
a small tube inserted into the bladder to help with urination or to get a urine sample
155
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis involving the inner lining of the abdomen
156
hemodialysis
dialysis involving a machine outside the body
157
urethroplasty
surgical reconstruction of the urethra
158
nephrocystanastomosis
formation of a connection between the kidney and bladder
159
transurethral needle ablation
use of a heated needle to remove part of the prostate
160
testicular prosthesis
placement of a fake testicle in the scrotum
161
cystectomy
surgical removal of the bladder
162
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body
163
heminephrectomy
surgical removal of half a kidney
164
hemodialysis (HD)
procedure for removing waste from the bloodstream
165
kidney dialysis
procedure for removing waste from the blood (an alternative name for hemodialysis)
166
laparonephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen
167
lithectomy
surgical removal of a stone
168
lithotripsy
breakdown of a stone
169
nephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney
170
nephrolithotomy
incision into a kidney to remove a stone
171
nephropexy
surgical fixation of a kidney
172
nephrostomy
creation of an opening in a kidney
173
nephrotomy
incision into a kidney
174
nephrotoxin
agent poisonous to the kidney
175
pyelolithotomy
incision into a renal pelvis to remove a stone
176
pyelostomy
creation of an opening in a renal pelvis
177
ureteroplasty
surgical reconstruction of a ureter
178
urinary catheterization
insertion of a catheter into the bladder to drain urine
179
antispasmodic
drug used to prevent spasms
180
diuretic
agent that causes urination
181
spermicide
agent that kills sperm
182
circumcision
surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis
183
orchidectomy
surgical removal of a testicle
184
orchidopexy
surgical fixation of a testicle
185
orchidotomy
incision into a testicle
186
orchiectomy
surgical removal of a testicle
187
orchiopexy
surgical fixation of a testicle
188
orchioplasty
surgical reconstruction of a testicle
189
prostatectomy
surgical removal of the prostate
190
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
procedure of removing all or part of the prostate by the insertion of a resectoscope into the urethra
191
vasectomy
surgical removal of the vas deferens
192
vasovasostomy
creation of an opening between two vessels; the technical term for a vasectomy reversal
193
ED
erectile dysfunction
194
I&O
intake and output
195
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
196
OAB
overactive bladder
197
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
198
STD, STI
sexually transmitted disease, sexually transmitted infection
