Chapter 9 : Testing Intelligence Flashcards
Francis Galton (1883)
Proposed two general qualities that would distinguish the more/less intellectually able
Energy and sensitivty
The capacity for labour – the intellectually gifted have remarkable levels of ________
Energy
The ______________ of our perceptual systems would permit more/less environmental information to reach our minds – thus, there would be differences in our capacity for the range of information on which intelligence could act (sensory systems)
Sensitivity
Galton created psychophysical tests to assess intelligence:
Weight discrimination + Whistle (higher pitch = higher intelligence)
Three cases of varying weights – participants had to arrange them in order of weight
Weight discrimination
Galton’s Whistle challenges
- people’s ability to hear high pitches declines with age
- people’s ability to hear high pitches was not as sensitive as the ability of cats
Clark Wissler (1901) tested Galtons Theories and found?
Results: the test scores did not correlate with each other, and these test scores did not correlate with grades.
Alfred Binet (Binet & Simon, 1916)
Intelligent thought is composed of three distinct elements:
Direction, Adaptation, & Control
knowing what has to be done and how it is to be accomplished
Direction
one’s selection and monitoring of one’s strategy during task performance
Adaptation
the ability to criticize one’s own thoughts and actions
Control
Binet: a lighted match is moved back & forth before the eyes –the tester is looking for the ability to orient and coordination of movement
Infant: “Le Regard”
Binet: place a triangle, circle & square into the appropriate holes on a board
Age 2
Binet: defining words; recognizing verbal absurdities (e.g., “Why is the statement foolish?”); recognizing and explaining similarities or differences between two objects
Age 8
Binet: solve arithmetic word problems
Age 14