ch. 14 Flashcards
any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and that thereby tax one’s coping abilities.
stress
concerned with how psychosocial factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of health and with the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness.
Health psychology
an initial evaluation of whether an event is (1) irrelevant to you, (2) relevant but not threatening, or (3) stressful.
Primary appraisal
an evaluation of your coping resources and options for dealing with the stress.
secondary appraisal
_____are threatening events that have a relatively short duration and a clear endpoint.
Acute stressors
_____are threatening events that have a relatively long duration and no readily apparent time limit.
Chronic stressors
Sources/Types of Stress
frustration, conflict, change, pressure
experienced whenever the pursuit of some goal is thwarted.
frustration
occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioural impulses compete for expression.
Conflict
What are the three basic types of conflict
approach–approach, avoidance–avoidance, and approach-avoidance
a choice must be made between two attractive goals.
approach–approach conflict
a choice must be made between two unattractive goals.
avoidance–avoidance conflict
a choice must be made about whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects.
approach-avoidance conflict
Any substantial alterations in one’s living circumstances that require readjustment.
Life changes
involves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way.
pressure
a physiological reaction to a threat in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organism for attacking or fleeing an enemy.
The fight-or-flight response
a model of the body’s stress response, consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
The general adaptation
syndrome
refers to active efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress.
Coping
is passive behaviour
produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive
events.
Learned helplessness
When troubled by stress, many people engage in unwise patterns of eating, drinking, spending money, and so forth.
self-indulgence.
are largely unconscious reactions that shield individuals from the unpleasant emotions so often elicited by stress
Defence mechanisms
to refer to relatively healthful efforts that people make to deal with stressful events.
constructive coping
involves physical and emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and a lowered sense of self-efficacy that can be brought on gradually by chronic work-related stress.
Burnout
includes three elements:
(1) a strong competitive orientation, (2) impatience and time urgency, and (3) anger and hostility.
The Type A personality
