Chapter 13 Flashcards
is the branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are influenced by others.
Social psychology
the process of forming
impressions of others.
person perception
are organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people.
Social schemas
an integrated set of memories, beliefs, and generalizations about one’s behaviour in a given domain
self-schema
cognitive structures that guide information processing.
schemas
widely held beliefs that
people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group.
Stereotypes
a group that one belongs to and identifies with
ingroup
a group that one does not belong to or identify with.
outgroup
are inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others’ behaviour, and their own behaviour.
Attributions
ascribe the causes of
behaviour to personal dispositions, traits, abilities,
and feelings.
Internal attributions
ascribe the causes of behaviour to situational demands and environmental constraints.
External attributions
refers to observers’ bias in favour of internal attributions in explaining others’ behaviour.
fundamental attribution error
actors favour external
attributions for their behaviour, whereas observers are more likely to explain the same behaviour with internal attributions
actor–observer bias,
the tendency to attribute one’s successes to personal
factors and one’s failures to situational factors.
The self-serving bias
the tendency to blame
victims for their misfortunes, so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way.
The defensive attribution
involves putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships.
Individualism
involves putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one’s identity in terms of the groups one belongs to (such as one’s family, tribe, work group, social class, and caste).
collectivism
refers to positive feelings
toward another.
Interpersonal attraction
proposes that males and
females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners.
matching hypothesis
lure the person in question away from their current partner.
mate poach
their sexual preferences are influenced by the choices that others have made
mate choice copies
people who are close gradually modify their attitudes in ways that make them more congruent, a
phenomenon called ___________________
attitude alignment
involves liking those who show that they like us.
reciprocity
What factors cause attraction?
physical attractiveness, similarity, reciprocity
