Chapter 13

Question 1

is the branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are influenced by others.

Answer 1

Social psychology

Question 2

the process of forming
impressions of others.

Answer 2

person perception

Question 3

are organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people.

Answer 3

Social schemas

Question 4

an integrated set of memories, beliefs, and generalizations about one’s behaviour in a given domain

Answer 4

self-schema

Question 5

cognitive structures that guide information processing.

Answer 5

schemas

Question 6

widely held beliefs that
people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group.

Answer 6

Stereotypes

Question 7

a group that one belongs to and identifies with

Answer 7

ingroup

Question 8

a group that one does not belong to or identify with.

Answer 8

outgroup

Question 9

are inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others’ behaviour, and their own behaviour.

Answer 9

Attributions

Question 10

ascribe the causes of
behaviour to personal dispositions, traits, abilities,
and feelings.

Answer 10

Internal attributions

Question 11

ascribe the causes of behaviour to situational demands and environmental constraints.

Answer 11

External attributions

Question 12

refers to observers’ bias in favour of internal attributions in explaining others’ behaviour.

Answer 12

fundamental attribution error

Question 13

actors favour external
attributions for their behaviour, whereas observers are more likely to explain the same behaviour with internal attributions

Answer 13

actor–observer bias,

Question 14

the tendency to attribute one’s successes to personal
factors and one’s failures to situational factors.

Answer 14

The self-serving bias

Question 15

the tendency to blame
victims for their misfortunes, so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way.

Answer 15

The defensive attribution

Question 16

involves putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships.

Answer 16

Individualism

Question 17

involves putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one’s identity in terms of the groups one belongs to (such as one’s family, tribe, work group, social class, and caste).

Answer 17

collectivism

Question 18

refers to positive feelings
toward another.

Answer 18

Interpersonal attraction

Question 19

proposes that males and
females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners.

Answer 19

matching hypothesis

Question 20

lure the person in question away from their current partner.

Answer 20

mate poach

Question 21

their sexual preferences are influenced by the choices that others have made

Answer 21

mate choice copies

Question 22

people who are close gradually modify their attitudes in ways that make them more congruent, a
phenomenon called ___________________

Answer 22

attitude alignment

Question 23

involves liking those who show that they like us.

Answer 23

reciprocity

Question 24

What factors cause attraction?

Answer 24

physical attractiveness, similarity, reciprocity