Chapter 9 - Social Interaction Flashcards
___ is a two-way process that looks at the impact individuals have on each other and with it comes its own jargon and includes work like status, role, network, organization, and group.
Social interaction
___ refers to one’s position in a hierarchical society. There are three types:
___: given involuntarily and includes race, gender, ethnicity, family background and etc.
___: earned voluntarily through effort or choices, such as profession degrees (MD, JD, RN, etc.)
___: what one is most identified by and pervasive in all aspects of one’s life (queen, king, president, prime minister)
Status
Ascribed status
Achieved status
Master status
A ___ refers to the responsibilities and expectations that come with a status. Often there are multiple ___ that come with a status and this is called a ___. Carrying out these responsibilities is referred to as ___ and the dynamic can change based on their ___ or whom one is interaction with.
Generally people have multiple statuses and as a result multiple responsibilities. If there are competing responsibilities from different roles this is called ___. If there are competing responsibilities from the same role this is called ___. These conflicts can be resolved through __ where one identity is dropped for another.
Role
Role; role set
Role performance
Role partner
Role conflict
Role strain
Role exit
A ___ is two or more people that share characteristics like values, interests, ethnicity, background, family, and etc. and share a sense of unity. They can be classified based on number of people: ___ (2) or ___ (3); strength of bonds: ___ (close bonds, intimate and long lasting relationships), or ___ (superficial, short lasting relationships); people that make up the group: ___ (self-selected equals with common interests and statuses) or ___ (not selected people determined by birth, adoption, and marriage); feelings with respect to a group: ___ (individual belongs and identifies with) or ___ (individual competes with or opposes), and who they are comparing themselves to: ___.
Group/social group Dyad; triad Primary group; secondary group Peer group; family group In-group; out-group Reference group
Tonnies organized groups based into ___ and ___ or community and society, respectively. ___ or community groups shared beliefs, ancestry and geography and shared feelings of unity. Examples included friends and family. In contrast, __ or society included groups who had mutual self interests and worked together to achieve goals, like countries and companies.
Gemeinschaft
Gesellschaft
Groups are studied using the ___ which organizes group dynamics based on friendliness v. unfriendliness, dominance v. submission, and emotionally controlled v. emotionally expressive.
Additional qualities found through group studies include ___, a type of normative conformity where the individual conforms to the group despite personal differences and ___, an extreme form of the aforementioned where groups ignore outside opinions and believe in only their ideas.
SYMLOG: system for multiple level observation of groups
Group conformity; normative conformity
Group think
A ___ refers to the routine relationships between individuals and groups that are usually graphically displayed. Connections in the image may overlap and is referred to as ___. Dense connections usually display strong ties and in an ___, like friends, and looser connections represent weak ties in a ___. A combination of both types of networks provides the most benefit.
Network
Network redundancy
Immediate network
Distant network
___ are bodies with a structure and culture designed to achieve a specific goal. Formal ones are different from groups in the sense they exist despite a member leaving, the goals guide members’ actions and procedures control them, and lastly there is a hierarchy of formal roles.
Organization (companies, sports teams, etc.)
Organizations are found in all of society but the most basic type found is called a ___. Today, this is a ___, where nonelected, paid officials hold rights and privileges as a result of holding office, new officials enter through advanced training, and existing ones receive salary increases and promotions based on milestones all while maintaining their roles.
This type of organization is criticized for being slow to change, inefficient, and placing power in a few elite leaders aka the ___. As a result, there is a push for ___ which is a push towards efficiency, predictability, and control in societies.
Characteristic institution
Bureaucracy
Iron law of oligarchy
McDonalidization
___ or ___ is the way one influences others’ perception of them through information regulation, behaviour, and etc. Based on this, an individual may view themselves based on the following:
___: one’s actual and both positive and negative attributes
___: who would be under idea circumstances
___: who one is according to others’ expectations
These categories share similar to the identity categories of authentic self, ideal self, and ought self.
Self-presentation
Impression management
Impression management is done through a variety of techniques including the following:
___: presenting the information one wants to present
___: presenting a positive image using props, emotions, associations, and etc.
___: using flattery or conforming to please others
___: justifying questionable actions to better present themselves
___: placing an identity onto someone else ie. As a good person, you should…
Self-disclosure Managing appearances Ingratiation Aligning actions Alter casting
Emotions impact behaviour and interactions. While there are theories on how individuals experience emotions, there are others that account for people. The ___ believes that emotions are universally expressed through facial expressions, body language, tone, and physiological changes as a result of evolution
___ believes that emotions are also biologically determined but before being expressed there is a cognitive factor
___ believes that emotions have no biological basis are only expressed because of social and situational context
Despite the reason for emotions, the way they are expressed is determined through ___, which are cultural expectations surrounding an emotion.
Basic model of emotional expression
Appraisal model
Social construction model
Display rules–influenced by cultural syndrome
Two prominent theories surrounding impression management or self-presentation include:
___: self-presentation is the result of one taking on a specific role which includes ___ (performs according to situation and society’s expectations on display) or ___ (performs in any manner and less according to norms)
Mead believed impression management was the result of social interaction and resulted in two parts: “I” which is associated with one’s creating interests and “me” which is the response to the environment
Dramaturgical approach
Communication is necessary to convey a message to the recipient and can be done through verbal or non-verbal means.
___ communication: information transmission through written, spoken, or signed words
___ communication: information transmission through body language (posture), tone (prosody), gestures, facial expressions, and personal space.
The latter type of communication is not limited to humans and includes between or with animals. For example, animals communicate through body language (cats crouching), facial expressions (snarling), visual displays (coats), scents (pheromones), and vocalizations (bird calls).
Verbal
Non-verbal
