Chapter 9 - Shaping

Question 1

What is shaping used for?

Answer 1

Shaping is used to develop a target behaviour that a person does not currently exhibit.

Question 2

What is shaping?

Answer 2

The differential reinforcement of successive approximations of a target behaviour until the person exhibits the target behaviour.

Question 3

What are successive approximations?

Answer 3

Successive approximations (or shaping steps) are behaviours that are increasingly similar to the target behaviour.

Question 4

How are reinforcement and extinction involved in shaping?

Answer 4

Reinforcement and extinction are involved in shaping when successive approximations to the target behaviour are reinforced and previous approximations are put on extinction.

Question 5

differential reinforcement

Answer 5

A procedure in which a specific desirable behaviour is followed by a reinforcer but other behaviours are not. The result is an increase in the desirable behaviour and extinction of the other behaviours.

Question 6

shaping

Answer 6

The reinforcement of successive approximations to a target behaviour. Shaping is used to establish a novel topography or dimension of a behaviour.

Question 7

successive approximation

Answer 7

In the process of shaping, each successive approximation is a behaviour that more closely resembles the target behaviour. The shaping process starts with reinforcement of the first approximation, a behaviour currently exhibited by the person. After the first approximation is strengthened through reinforcement, it is extinguished. A closer approximation then occurs and is reinforced. This process continues until the person exhibits the target behaviour.

Question 8

summary 1

Answer 8

blah

Question 9

summary 2

Answer 9

blah

Question 10

summary 3

Answer 10

blah

Question 11

summary 4

Answer 11

blah

Question 12

summary 5

Answer 12

blah