Chapter 13 Understanding Problem Behaviours through Functional Assessment Flashcards
ABC observation
A functional assessment method involving direct observation of the antecedents, the target behaviour, and the consequences of the behaviour. Typically conducted in the natural environment where the target behaviour occurs.
automatic negative reinforcement
Automatic negative reinforcement occurs when the target behaviour automatically reduces or eliminates an aversive stimulus as a consequence of the behaviour and the behaviour is strengthened.
automatic positive reinforcement
When the behaviour produces a positively reniforcing consequence automatically, and the behaviour is strengthened, the behaviour is said to be maintained by automatic positive reinforcement.
control condition
A functional analysis condition in which you present the AO for the behaviour and do not provide the reinforcer for the behaviour if it occurs.
descriptive assessments
Together, indirect and direct functional assessment methods are categorized as descriptive assessments because the antecedents and consequences are described, either from memory or from direct observation of the events.
exploratory functional analysis
- A type of functional analysis in which the behaviour analyst may not have a hypothesis about the reinforcing consequence maintaining the problem behaviour and is exploring a range of possibilities in the functional analysis.
- An exploratory functional analysis typically includes three or four test conditions and a control condition.
- In each test condition, the behaviour analyst presents an EO and a possible reinforcer for the problem behaviour and, in a control condition, presents an AO and withholds the possible reinforcers.
functional analysis
A functional assessment method in which environmental events (antecedents and consequences of the behaviour) are manipulated to demonstrate a functional relationship between the environmental events and the behaviour.
functional assessment
-The process of generating information on the events preceding and following the behaviour in an attempt to determine which antecedents and consequences are reliably associated with the occurrence of the behaviour. -Includes indirect assessment through interviews and questionnaires, direct observation of the antecedents and consequences in the natural environment, and functional analysis methods involving the manipulation of environmental events.
functional interventions
Interventions (extinction, differential reinforcement, and antecedent control) that decrease problem behaviours without the use of punishment by modifying the antecedents and consequences that control the behaviours.
hypothesis-testing functional analysis
- A type of functional analysis in which the goal is not to evaluate all possible functions, but to confirm or disconfirm the hypothesis.
- In this type of functional analysis, one condition (the test condition) presents the hypothesized EO, and when the problem behaviour occurs, presents the hypothesized reinforcer.
- The other condition (the control condition) presents the hypothesized AO, and if the problem behaviour occurs, does not provide the hypothesized reinforcer.
scatter plot
A type of functional assessment procedure in which you record each half hour whether the behaviour occurred in the preceding half hour. It is used to establish the temporal pattern in the behaviour.
social negative reinforcement
When another person terminates an aversive interaction, task, or activity after the occurrence of a target behaviour, and as a result, the behaviour is more likely to occur.
social positive reinforcement
When a positively reinforcing consequence is delivered by another person after the target behaviour, and as a result the behaviour is likely to occur.
test condition
A functional analysis condition in which you provide the EO for the behaviour and provide the reinforcer for the behaviour if it occurs.
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