Chapter 6 Punishment Flashcards
conditioned punisher
A previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established punisher and consequently functions as a punisher itself.
generalized conditioned punisher
A conditioned punisher that has been paired with a variety of other punishers. The word no is a generalized conditioned punisher for many people.
negative punishment
A type of punishment in which the occurrence of a behaviour is followed by the removal of a reinforcing stimulus. It results in decrease in the future probability of the behaviour.
positive punishment
A type of punishment in which, contingent on the behaviour, an aversive stimulus or event is presented and the probability of the behaviour decreases in the future.
punisher
A stimulus or event that, when presented contingent on the occurrence of a behaviour, decreases the probability of the behaviour.
punishment
The process in which a behaviour is followed by a consequence that results in a decrease in the future probability of the behaviour.
response cost
A negative punishment procedure in which, contingent on a behaviour, a specified amount of a reinforcer is removed.
time-out from positive reinforcement
A type of negative punishment in which, contingent on the occurrence of the problem behaviour, the person loses access to positive reinforcers for a brief period. Typically, the person is removed from the reinforcing environment in a time-out procedure.
unconditioned punisher
A stimulus or event that is naturally punishing because avoiding or minimizing contact with such a stimulus has survival value. No prior conditioning is needed for an unconditioned punisher to function as a punisher. Examples are painful stimuli or extreme levels of stimulation.
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