Chapter 9 - Schizophrenia Flashcards
Disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, emotion and behavior
Schizophrenia
3 Main domains of Schizophrenia symptoms
Positive, Negative, Disorganized
excesses and distortions, such as hallucinations and delusions
Positive symptoms
beliefs contrary to reality and firmly held in spite of disconfirming evidence
delusions
the belief that a persons thoughts are not his or her own and that they have been placed in his or her mind by an external source
thought insertion
belief that a person’s thoughts are broadcasted or transmitted so that others know what he or she is thinking
thought broadcasting
exaggerated sense of a person’s own importance, power, knowledge, or identity
grandiose delusions
incorporating unimportant events within a delusional framework and reading personal significance into the trivial activities of others
ideas of reference
sensory experiences in the absence of any relevant stimulation from the environment, possibly from misattributions, differences in Broca’s Area
hallucinations
Behavioral deficits; presence of which suggest poor quality of life
negative symptoms
Examples of negative symptoms
avolition, asociality, anhedonia, blunted affect, alogia
Lack of motivation and a seeming absence of interest in or an inability to persist in what are usually routine activities
avolition or apathy
Severe impairments in social relationships
asociality
loss of interest in or a reported lessening of the experience of pleasure
anhedonia
the amount of pleasure experienced in the moment or in the presence of something pleasureable
consummatory pleasure
the amount of expected or anticipated pleasure from future events or activities
anticipatory pleasure
People with schizophrenia appear to have a deficit in _________ but not __________
anticipatory pleasure, consummatory pleasure
Lack of outward expression of emotion
Blunted affect
Significant reduction in the amount of speech
Alogia
2 domains for symptoms
experience domain, expression domain
Problems in organizing ideas and in speaking so that a listener can understand
Disorganized speech/ Formal thought disorder
Successful in communicating with a listener but difficulty in sticking to one topic
loose association/ derailment
Acting weird
disorganized behavior
People with this symptom make gesture repeatedly which often seem purposeful.
Catatonia
People adopt unusual postures and maintain them for long periods of time
catatonic immobility
other person moves limbs, the patient retains position
waxy flexibility
Diagnosis schizophrenia
6 months
1 acute episode defined by the presence of at least 2 of the following symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, abnormal psychomotor behavior, negative symptoms
2 Brief psychotic disorders
schizophreniform disorder
brief psychotic disorder
Symptoms are the same as schizophrenia but only last from 1-6 monts
schizophreniform disorder
Lasts 1 day -1 month and is often brought on by extreme stress
brief psychotic disorder
Compromises a mixture of symptoms of schizophrenia and mood disorders. Requires either a depressive or manic episode
Schizoaffective disorder
Troubled by persistent delusions of persecution or by delusional jealousy
delusional disorder
Stressors associated with SES and urban living contribute to the development of a
Sociogenic hypothesis
People with s drift into poor neighborhoods because their illness impairs earning power
Social selection hypothesis
Medications that produce side effects similar to the symptoms of neurological disease
Antipsychotic drugs neuroleptic
Common side effects of antipsychotic drugs
Dizziness blurred vision restlessness sexual dysfunction
Extra pyramidal side effects tardive dyskinesia neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Trampers of the fingers, shuffling gait, drooling
Extra pyramidal side effects
Inability to remain still
Akasthesia
State of muscular rigidity
Dystonia
Mouth muscles involuntary make sucking, chin wagging motions
Tardive dyskinesia
Severe muscular rigidity
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Training designed to teach people how to successfully manage a wide variety if interpersonal situations.
Social skills training
type of study begins with one or two biological parents with schiz and follows their offspring longitudinally in order to identify how many of these children may develop shiz and what types of childhood neurobiological and behavioral factors may predict the disorder’s onset
familial high-risk study
History of pregnancy and birth complications and a failure to show electrodermal responses to simple stimuli
Negative symptoms
History of family instability such as separation from parents and placement in foster homes or institutions for a period of time
Positive symptoms
Predictors
Low IQ
poor neurobehavioral functioning
parent with schiz
receptor associated with the effectiveness of some medications used to treat schiz
d2 receptors
encodes protein dysbindin
DTNBP1
impacts the dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitter systems
dysbindin
helpful in myelination
NMDA
problems in planning working memory and problem solving shows issues in
prefrontal cortex
3 important points about mutations
rare
small number have schiz
not specific to schiz
neurotransmitter found in low levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of people with schiz
glutamate
Brain change correlated with impaired performance on neuropsychological tests, poor functioning prior to the onset of the disorder, poor response to drug treatment
enlarged ventricles
small projections on the shafts of dendrites where nerve impulses are received from other neurons at the synapse
Dendritic spines
parasite
toxoplasma gondii
