Chapter 6 Anxiety Flashcards
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Worry persists and interferes with life
50% of days for 3 months
Avoidance of situations
social anxiety disorder
1) persistent unrealistic intend fear of social situations that might involve being scrutinized by exposed to strangers
2) more pervasive and interferes more than phobias
33% comorbid with personality disorder
Worry
Cognitive tendency to chew on a problem unable to let go
Agoraphobia
Anxiety of social situations wherein it would be difficult to escape if anxiety symptoms occurred
Need 2 situations
Social situations consistently provoke fear/ anxiety
Panic disorder
Frequent panic attacks unrelated to the specific situations
Worry about more panic attacks (1 month)
Recurrent and uncued panic attacks
Panic attack
Sudden attack of intense apprehension, fear, terror, feeling of impending doom
Depersonalization
A feeling of being outside of now’s body
Derealization
Feeling of the world’s not being real
Specific phobia
Marked and disproportionate fear triggered consistently by specific things
Avoidance
There is a high comorbidity of specific phobias
Anxiety
Apprehension over anticipated problems
Fear
Reaction to immediate danger
Criteria for diagnosis Anxiety Disorders
Interferes with important functions and causes distress
Not caused by drugs
Distinct from other anxiety disorders
Cognitive factors anxiety disorder
Sustained negative beliefs that lead to safety behaviors
Lack of perceived control
Heightened attention to threat
Safety behaviors
Avoidance to reduce things that cause anxiety
Behavioral inhibition
Becoming agitated over new things
Most seen in babies
Linked to neuroticism in later life
Neuroticism
Over react negatively
Neurobiological factors anxiety
Fear circuit: hippocampus, amygdaloid Medial prefrontal cortex for emotional regulation Poor functioning serotonin systems High norepinephrine Poor GABA functioning
Fear conditioning
Mowrer’s two factor model
Can be an effect of direct experience, seeing another or through verbal instruction.
Mowrer’s two factor model
Classical conditioning – introduction to fear stimulus
Operant conditioning – relief by avoidance
Neurobiological factors panic disorder
Locus coeruleus
Norepinephrine triggers Sympathetic nervous system activity
Etiology specific phobia
Behaviorally through conditioning
Genetic vulnerability, neuroticism, negative cognition
Prepared learning
Prepared learning
Fear circuit prepare by evolution to fear certain stimuli
Etiology social anxiety disorder
2 factor conditioning and safety behaviors
Focus on negative self- evaluation
Etiology panic disorder
Locus coeruleus source of norepinephrine Norepinephrine triggers sympathetic nervous system Classical conditioning Interception conditioning Signs of impending doom
Interoceptive conditioning
Classical conditioning of panic attacks in response to bodily sensations
Etiology generalized anxiety disorder
Worry is reinforcing
Distraction from unpleasant emotions
Decreased psychosocial signs of arousal
Past traumas
Etiology agoraphobia
Fear of fear hypothesis
Fear of fear
Negative thoughts about the consequences of experiencing anxiety in public
Treatment anxiety disorders
Exposure and extinction
Systematic desensitization
Cognitive behavioral treatments
Preventing relapse
Encounter contains as many features of feared thing as possible
As many contexts as possible
Treatment phobias
In Volvo exposure to feared object
Systematic desensitization
