Chapter 8 - Dissociative Disorders and Somatic Symptom Disorders Flashcards
3 Major Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Amnesia
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Inability to recall personal information, usually information about some traumatic experience, wherein the holes in memory are too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative amnesia that incluedes the inablity to recall one’s past, confusion about identity or assumption of a new identity and sudden, unexpected travel away from home or work.
Fugue (Latin Fugere to Flee)
Dissociative disorders deficits in _____ memory but not _____ memory
Explicit, Implicit
Memory involving the conscious recall of experiences
Explicit Memory
Learning based on experiences that are not consciously recalled
Implicit memory
Memory fails slowly over time, not linked to stress, and is accompanied by other cognitive deficits
Dementia
When a person suddenly loses his or her sense of self and sensory experiences, usually triggered by stress. They may have the impression that they are out of their bodies, viewing themselves from a distance
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
The sensation that the world has become unreal
Derealization
Persistent or recurrent experiences of detachment from one’s mental processes or body despite intact reality testing
Depersonalization
Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states (alters) or an experience of possession as evidence by discontinuities in sense of self, cognition, behavior, affect, perceptions, and/pr memories
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Model that proposes that some people are likely to use dissociation to cope with trauma
Posttraumatic Model
Model that suggests that DID is the result of learning to enact social roles
Sociocognitive Model
Evidence raised for Posttraumatic Model and Sociocognitive Model debate
DID symptoms can be role-played (Bianchi)
Alters share memories, even when they report amnesia
Detection of DID differs by clinician
Many DID symptoms emerge after treatment starts
Goal of treatment of DID
convince the person that splitting into different personalities is no longer necessary to deal with traumas
Hypnosis that encourated the patient to go back in his or her mind to traumatic events in childhood
Age regression
Excessive concerns about physical symptoms or health
Somatic symptom disorder
3 Major Somatic Symptom Disorders
Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder
Illness anxiety disorder
Functional neurological syndrome
Disorder involving major distress or energy expenditure regarding a somatic symptom
Complex somatic symptom disorder
Disorder involving neurological symptoms that are medically unexplained
Functional neurological syndrome
Disorder that involves fears about having a major medical illness in the absence of somatic symptoms
Illness anxiety disorder
Criticisms of Somatic Symptom Disorders
Diversity among people diagnosed with the conditions
Defined by health concerns that are cause excessive anxiety or involve too much expenditure of time and energy (Subjective)
Diagnosis stigmatized by patients and clinicians
2 changes in DSM 5 that address stigma of Somatic Symptom Disorders
removed the criterion that symptoms be medically unexplained from complex somatic symptom disorder
changed the name of the set of disorders from somatoform to somatic symptom disorders
Intentionally faking psychological or somatic symptoms to gain from those symptoms
Malingering
Falsification of psychological or physical symptoms without evidence of gains from those symptoms
Factitious disorder
core criteria for complex somatic symptom disorder
one or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption in daily life
excessive anxiety, concern or time and energy devoted to the somatic concern
duration of at least 6 months
Disorders in the DSM IV TR that were merged to form complex somatic symptom disorder
Pain disorder and Somatization Disorder
Preoccupation with fears of having a serious disease despite having no significant somatic symptoms
Illness anxiety disorder
Criteria for diagnosis Illness Anxiety disorder
fears must lead to excessive care seeking or maladaptive avoidance behaviors
6 months
Preoccupation with and high level of anxiety about acquiring serious disease
Excessive illness behavior or maladaptive avoidance
No more than mild somatic symptoms present
not explained by other psych disorders
Unfounded fear about serious illness, but have somatic symptoms that are a focus of their concerns
hypochondriasis
Person suddenly develops neurological symptoms but medical tests indicate that the organs or systems are fine
functional neurological disorder
wherein the visual field is constricted as it would be if the person were peering through a tube
tunnel vision
loss of the voice over than whispered speech
aphonia
loss of the sense of smell
anosmia
an affliction limited to women brought about byt the wandering of the uterus through the body
hysteria GK Womb Hippocrates
Criteria for diagnosis Functional Neurological Disorder
One or more neurologic symptoms affecting voluntary motor function, sensory function, cognition or seizure-like episodes
Physical signs or diagnostic findings are internally inconsistent or incongruent with recognized neurological disorder
Symptoms cannot be explained by a medical condition
Symptoms cause significant distress or functional impairment or warrant medical evaluation.
common medical term for describing symptoms that are not explained by a medical disorder
functional
anxiety and psychological conflict are converted to physical symptoms
Conversion theory Sigmund Freud
in which a person experiences little or no sensation in the part of the hand and lower arm that would be covered by a glove
glove anesthesia
tunnel wherein the nerves in the wrist run through becomes swollen, leading to tingling, numbness or pain in the hand
carpal tunnel syndrome
Regions of the brain in charge of pain (physical and emotional) and uncomfortable physical sensations
anterior insula and anterior cingulate
region of the brain involved with processing bodily sensations
somatosensory cortex
Cognitive behavioral factors that increase awareness of an distress over somatic symptoms
focus on cues of physical health problems
attributional style
Behavioral consequences of feeling sick
assume role: avoid work, social tasks, limit healthy behavior
seek reassurance from doctors and family members
Conversion disorder wherein patients have suffered lesions in the visual cortex and report themselves blind but can perform well on some specific visual tests.
blindsight
2 stage model for reports of blindness
people can process visual information outside of conscious awareness
motivation
Social and Cultural factors Functional Neurological disorder
tolerance
medical diagnostic practices
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Somatic Symptom Disorders
identify and change emotions that trigger their somatic concerns
change cognitions regarding their somatic symptoms
change behaviors to stop playing the role of a sick person
