Chapter 2- Current Paradigms In Psychopathology Flashcards
Carriers of genetic information
Genes
A conceptual framework or approach within which a scientists works.
Paradigm
Several genes, operating at different times during the course if development, turning themselves in and off as they interact with a person’s environment
Polygenic
Extent to which variability in a particular behavior or disorder in a population can be accounted for by genetic factors
Heritability
Factors that family members have in common
Shared environment
Distinct factors
Nonshared environment (unique environment)
Study of the degree to which genes and environmental factors influence behavior
Behavior genetics
Total genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
Observable behavioral characteristics
Phenotype
A study that seeks to identify particular genes and their function
Molecular genetics
Different forms of the same gene
Alleles
Difference in DNA sequence on an gene that has occurred in a population
Polymorphism
Differences between people in a single nucleotide
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs)
Abnormal copy of one or more sections of DNA within the genes
Copy number variations (CNVs)
A given person’s sensitivity to an environmental event is influences by genes
Gene-environment interactions
Study on how the environment can alter gene expression
Epigenetics
A given person’s gene may promote a certain type of environment
Reciprocal gene-environment interaction
Mental disorders are linked to aberrant processes in the brain
Neuroscience paradigm
Stimulation of the neuron
Nerve impulse
Chemicals that help the neuron send signals
Neurotransmitters
Inhibitory neurotransmitter. Linked to depression, mania, and schizophrenia
Dopamine and serotonin
Neurotransmitter linked to high arousal anxiety and stress
Norepinephrine
Neurotransmitter which inhibits nerve impulses linked to anxiety and stress disorders
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Cavities within the brain
Ventricles
Relay station except for the olfactory nerve found in the brain
Thalamus
Parts of the limbic system
Anterior cingulate, septal area, hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala
Act done when synaptic connections are being eliminated that usually happens when one grows older
Pruning
Paradigm that deals with learning principles to cognitive science
Cognitive behavioral paradigm
Therapy that helps a person engage in tasks that provide opportunity for positive reinforcement
Behavioral activation therapy
Mental prices if perceiving, recognizing, conceiving, judging and reasoning
Cognition
Cognitive set, organized network of already accumulated knowledge
Schema
Therapy which incorporates theory and research on cognitive process
Cognitive behavior therapy
General ten for changing a pattern of thought
Cognitive restructuring
Fairly short-lived states
Emotion
Emotional experiences that endure for a longer period of time
Moods
Emotional states a person ideally wants to feel
Ideal affect
Theory that deals with the importance of long-standing patterns in close relationships
Object relations theory
Theory that states that the type or style of an infant’s attachment to his or her caregivers can set the stage for psychological health or problems later in life
Attachment theory
Therapy which deals with the importance if current relationships to psychological symptoms
Interpersonal therapy
An integrative paradigm that links genetic, neurobiological, psychological and environmental factors
Diathesis-stress
A constitutional predisposition toward illness, but the ten may be extended to an characteristic or serif characteristics if a person that increases his or her chance of developing an disorder
Diathesis
