Chapter 2- Current Paradigms In Psychopathology

Question 0

Carriers of genetic information

Answer 0

Genes

Question 1

A conceptual framework or approach within which a scientists works.

Answer 1

Paradigm

Question 2

Several genes, operating at different times during the course if development, turning themselves in and off as they interact with a person’s environment

Answer 2

Polygenic

Question 3

Extent to which variability in a particular behavior or disorder in a population can be accounted for by genetic factors

Answer 3

Heritability

Question 4

Factors that family members have in common

Answer 4

Shared environment

Question 5

Distinct factors

Answer 5

Nonshared environment (unique environment)

Question 6

Study of the degree to which genes and environmental factors influence behavior

Answer 6

Behavior genetics

Question 7

Total genetic makeup of an individual

Answer 7

Genotype

Question 8

Observable behavioral characteristics

Answer 8

Phenotype

Question 9

A study that seeks to identify particular genes and their function

Answer 9

Molecular genetics

Question 10

Different forms of the same gene

Answer 10

Alleles

Question 11

Difference in DNA sequence on an gene that has occurred in a population

Answer 11

Polymorphism

Question 12

Differences between people in a single nucleotide

Answer 12

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs)

Question 13

Abnormal copy of one or more sections of DNA within the genes

Answer 13

Copy number variations (CNVs)

Question 14

A given person’s sensitivity to an environmental event is influences by genes

Answer 14

Gene-environment interactions

Question 15

Study on how the environment can alter gene expression

Answer 15

Epigenetics

Question 16

A given person’s gene may promote a certain type of environment

Answer 16

Reciprocal gene-environment interaction

Question 17

Mental disorders are linked to aberrant processes in the brain

Answer 17

Neuroscience paradigm

Question 18

Stimulation of the neuron

Answer 18

Nerve impulse

Question 19

Chemicals that help the neuron send signals

Answer 19

Neurotransmitters

Question 20

Inhibitory neurotransmitter. Linked to depression, mania, and schizophrenia

Answer 20

Dopamine and serotonin

Question 21

Neurotransmitter linked to high arousal anxiety and stress

Answer 21

Norepinephrine

Question 22

Neurotransmitter which inhibits nerve impulses linked to anxiety and stress disorders

Answer 22

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 23

Cavities within the brain

Answer 23

Ventricles

Question 24

Relay station except for the olfactory nerve found in the brain

Answer 24

Thalamus

Question 25

Parts of the limbic system

Answer 25

Anterior cingulate, septal area, hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala

Question 26

Act done when synaptic connections are being eliminated that usually happens when one grows older

Answer 26

Pruning

Question 27

Paradigm that deals with learning principles to cognitive science

Answer 27

Cognitive behavioral paradigm

Question 28

Therapy that helps a person engage in tasks that provide opportunity for positive reinforcement

Answer 28

Behavioral activation therapy

Question 29

Mental prices if perceiving, recognizing, conceiving, judging and reasoning

Answer 29

Cognition

Question 30

Cognitive set, organized network of already accumulated knowledge

Answer 30

Schema

Question 31

Therapy which incorporates theory and research on cognitive process

Answer 31

Cognitive behavior therapy

Question 32

General ten for changing a pattern of thought

Answer 32

Cognitive restructuring

Question 33

Fairly short-lived states

Answer 33

Emotion

Question 34

Emotional experiences that endure for a longer period of time

Answer 34

Moods

Question 35

Emotional states a person ideally wants to feel

Answer 35

Ideal affect

Question 36

Theory that deals with the importance of long-standing patterns in close relationships

Answer 36

Object relations theory

Question 37

Theory that states that the type or style of an infant’s attachment to his or her caregivers can set the stage for psychological health or problems later in life

Answer 37

Attachment theory

Question 38

Therapy which deals with the importance if current relationships to psychological symptoms

Answer 38

Interpersonal therapy

Question 39

An integrative paradigm that links genetic, neurobiological, psychological and environmental factors

Answer 39

Diathesis-stress

Question 40

A constitutional predisposition toward illness, but the ten may be extended to an characteristic or serif characteristics if a person that increases his or her chance of developing an disorder

Answer 40

Diathesis