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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 10 - Substance Use Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Substance Use Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Prior to the DSM 5, pathological use of substances fell into these categories

A

substance abuse

substance dependence

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2
Q

Problems with the two category distinction

A

poor reliability of the substance abuse category
most people who meet criteria for abuse do not develop dependence
represent only one category

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3
Q

Proposed criteria for Substance Use

A 
problematic pattern of use that impairs functioning
2 or more in 1 year
failure to meet obligations
repeat use in dangerous situations
repeated relationship problems
continued use despite problems from use
tolerance
withdrawal
taken longer or in larger doses
efforts to reduce/control do not work
spend time trying to obtain substance
other activities redued
continued use despite knowing problems caused by substance
strong craving
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4
Q

A more severe substance use disorder that is characterized by having more symptoms,tolerance and withdrawal, by using more of the substance than intended, by trying unsuccessfully to stop, by having physical or psychological problems made worse by the drug and by experiencing problems at work or with friends

A

addiction

severe with 4+

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5
Q

addiction with either tolerance or withdrawal

A

with physiological dependence

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6
Q

indicated by either
large doses of substance for the desired effect or
the effects of the drug become less if the usual amount is taken

A

tolerance

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7
Q

negative physical and psychological effects that develop when a person stops taking the substance or reduces amount

A

Withdrawal

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8
Q

withdrawal symptoms

A

muscle pains, twitching, sweats, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia

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9
Q

when the person becomes delirious, tremulous and has hallucinations that may be visual and tactile

A

delirium tremens

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10
Q

responsible for alcohol tolerance

A

liver enzymes

changes in number or sensitivity of GABA or glutamate receptor

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11
Q

abusing more than one drug at a time

A

polydrug abuse

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12
Q

prevalence of alcohol abuse by ethnicity

A

asian americans< african americans< hispanic and whites

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13
Q

metabolization of alcohol

A

1 ounce of 100 proof liquor per hour

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14
Q

factors affecting levels of alcohol in the bloodstream

A

amount ingested/ time
presence of food in the stomach
weight and body fat
efficiency of the liver

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15
Q

effects of alcohol on the neural system

A 
stimulates GABA ( reduce tension)
increase serotonin and dopamine (pleasure)
inhibits glutamate receptors (slow thinking, memory loss)
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16
Q

severe loss of memory for both recent and long past events

A

amnestic syndrome

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17
Q

a disease in which some liver cells become engorged with fat and protein, impeding their function

A

cirrhosis of the liver

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18
Q

when the growth of the fetus is slowed, and cranial, facial and limb anomalies can be produced due to the consumption of alcohol by pregnant women during pregnancy

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

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19
Q

Smoke coming from the burning end of a cigarette

A

secondhand smoke

environmental tobacco smoke

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20
Q

consists of the dried and crushed leaves and flowering tops of a hemp plant

A

marijuana

cannabis sativa

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21
Q

produced by removing and drying the resin exudate of the tops of cannabis plants

A

hashish

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22
Q

MJ effects on brain

A

CB1 receptors in hippocampus
increased blood flow to areas of emotion
decreased blood flow in auditory attention

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23
Q

therapeutic effects of MJ

A

reduce nausea and loss of appetite in chemo patients

relief for AIDS

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24
Q

a group of addictive drugs that in moderate doses relieve pain and induce sleep

A

opiates

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25
Q

plant of joy

A

opium

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26
Q

powerful sedative and pain reliever from opium

A

alkaloid morphine

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27
Q

God’s own medicine
more potent than morphine
taken smoked, snorted or orally

A

heroin

28
Q

opiates legally prescribes as pain meds

A

hydrocodone and oxycodone

29
Q

drug often used in childbirth

A

pethidine

30
Q

drug used as substitute drug for heroin addiction

A

methadone

31
Q

increase alertness and motor activity

A

stimulants

32
Q

release norepinephrine and dopamine, block the reuptake of these neurotransmitters

A

amphetamines

33
Q

reasons why amphetamines are used in dieting

A

wakefulness
inhibited intestinal functions
reduce appetite

34
Q

central nervous system stimulant similar to but more intense and longer lasting than cocaine

A

methamphetamine

35
Q

comes in a rock crystal form that is heated, melted and smoked

A

crack

36
Q

blocks the reuptake of dopamine in mesolimbic areas

A

cocaine

37
Q

substances that users report to expand consciousness

from Greek words for soul and to make manifest

A

psychedelic

38
Q

hallucinations as main effect of drug

A

hallucinogens

39
Q

visual recurrences of psychedelic experiences after the physiological effects of the drug have worn off

A

flashbacks

hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

40
Q

peyote cactus native american religious rites

A

mescaline

41
Q

shrooms

A

psilocybin

42
Q

appetite suppressant for WW1 soldiers

A

MDMA methylenedioxyamphetamine

43
Q

category of ecstacy

A

entactogens

44
Q

developed as a tranquilizer for large animals

A

pcp phencyclidine angel dust

45
Q

enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism

A

alcohol dehydrogenases

46
Q

blood flow to the face

A

flushing

47
Q

model wherein problems in the dopamine system may increase the vulnerability of some people to become dependent on a substance

A

vulnerability model

48
Q

model wherein problems in the dopamine system are the consequence of taking substances

A

toxic effect model

49
Q

neurobiological theory that considers both the craving for drugs and the pleasure that comes with taking the drug
dopa system linked to pleasure becomes supersensitive to even cues associated with drugs

A

incentive-sensitization theory

50
Q

button pressing

A

basal ganglia
inferofrontal gyrus
premotor areas

51
Q

a persistent desire for arousal along with increased positive affect

A

negative emotionality

52
Q

cautious behavior, harm avoidance, conservative moral standards

A

constraint

53
Q

how social environment is related to substance use disorders

A

social influence model

social selection model

54
Q

primary role of specialist treatment

A

reduce or stop in a safe manner

55
Q

approach focused on promoting renewed self reliance

A

rational recovery

56
Q

CBT for alcohol and drug use disorders that involves teaching people to reinforce behaviors inconsistent with drinking

A

contingency management therapy

57
Q

drug that discourages drinking by causing violent vomiting if alcohol is ingested

A

antabuse

58
Q

moderate alcohol consumption

A

controlled drinking

59
Q

The strategy is to reduce nicotine intake gradually over a period of a few weeks by getting smokers to agree to increase the time between cigarette

A

scheduled smoking

60
Q

This treatment involves a combination of CBT techniques and techniques associated with helping clients generate solutions that work for themselves.

A

motivational interviewing or enhancement therapy

61
Q

drugs chemically similar to heroin that can replace the body’s craving for it

A

heroin substitutes

62
Q

drugs that prevent the user from experiencing heroin high

A

opiate antagonists

63
Q

by acting on the same central nervous system receptors, they become a substitute for the original dependency

A

cross-dependent

64
Q

Students learn about the nature of peer pressure and ways to say no

A

peer pressure resistance training

65
Q

Changing beliefs about the prevalence of smoking

A

correction of beliefs and expectations

66
Q

counter the positive images of smokers that have been put forward in the media

A

inoculation against mass media messages

67
Q

programs involve peers of recognized status

A

peer leadership

Abnormal Psychology (13 decks)

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