Chapter 15 - Personality Disorders Flashcards
disorders marked by problems forming a stably positive sense of self and with sustaining close and constructive friendships
Personality disorders
Preoccupation with order, perfection, and control
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Cognitive distortions, disorganized and eccentric behavior, and lack of capacity for close relationships, suspiciousness
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
Avoidant personality disorder
Disregard for and violation of the rights of others
Antisocial personality disorder
Instability of interpersonal relationships, self-images and affect as well as marked impulsivity
Borderline personality disorder
Distrust and suspiciousness of others (not in DSM5)
Paranoid pd
Detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression (not in DSM5)
schizoid pd
Ecessive emotionality and attention seeking (not in DSM5)
Histrionic pd
Submissive behavior, fears of separation, and excessive need to be taken care of
Dependent pd
Concerns with DSM IV TR
Overlap –> dimensional personality
common
better fit –> dimensions
target personality traits
stability
3 types of personality ratings
levels of personality scale
six personality disorder types
five personality trait domain ratings
+
25 facet ratings to describe 5 trait domains
2 types of impairment that were important in levels of personality functioning
disturbances in one’s sense of self
chronic interpersonal disturbances
label for those who seem to have a personality disorder but does not match the types
personality disorder trait specified
experience of oneself as unique, with clear doundaries between self and others
stability of self-esteem and accuracy of self-appraisal
capacity for and ability to regulate a range of emotional experience
self identity
pursuit of coherent and meaningful short-term and life goals
utilization of constructive and prosocial internal standards of behavior
ability to self-reflect productively
self-direction
comprehension and appreciation of other’s experiences and motivations
tolerance of differing perspectives
understanding of the effect of own behavior on others
interpersonal empathy
Depth and duration of positive connections with others
desire and capacity for closeness
mutuality of regard reflected in interpersonal behavior
Interpersonal intimacy
Scale of degree of impairment in self and interpersonal functioning
0 no impairment
1 mild
2 moderate
serious
4 extreme impairment
Issues in criteriafor personality disorder
Cultural context
stable personality characteristics
consider pervasive problems
Perfectionist, preoccupied with the details, rules and schedules
pay so much attention to detailthat they fail to finish projects
more oriented toward work than pleasure
control freaks
inordinate difficulty making decisions and allocating time
obsessive compulsive personality disorder
DSM 5 OCPD
compulsivity - rigid perfectionism
negative affectivity - perseveration
DSM 5 Narcissistic PD
antagonism - grandiosity and attention seeking
Parenting dimensions that increase risk of neuroticism
emotional coldness
overemphasis of the child’s achievements
Carolyn Morf
Frederick Rhodewalt
people with NPD have fragile self esteem because they are trying to maintain the belief that they are special
interpersonal interactions are important to them for bolstering self esteem, rather than for gaining closeness or warmth
captive to the goal of maintaining a grand vision of themselves. goal pervades their experiences
DSM 5 Schizotypal PD
Psychoticism
Detachment
Negative affectivity
taijin kyofusho
interpersonal fear JAPAN
eccentricity, cognitive and perceptual dysregulation, unusual beliefs and experiences
psychoticism
restricted affectivity and withdrawal
detachment
characterized by suspiciousness
negative affectivity
DSM 5 Avoidant Personality Disorder
Detachment (withdrawal, intimacy avoidance, anhedonia)
Negative affectivity
DSM 5 Antisocial PD
Antagonism (manipulativeness, deceitfulness, callousness, hostility)
Disinhibition (irresponsibility, impulsivity and risk taking)
key characteristic is poverty of emotions, both positive nad negative
no sense of shame
superficially charming for personal gain
psychopathy
most commonly used scale to assess psychopathy
includes juvenile delinquency, criminality, impulsivity, irresponsibility, superficial charm,, pathological lying, manipulativeness, lack of remorse, shallow affect, and lack of empathy
Psychopathy Checklist-revised
social predictors of antisocial behavior
high negativity, low warmth, parental inconsistency
lack of response to threats when pursuing potential rewards
impulsivity
being in tune with the emotional reactions of others
empathy
brain structure active for empathy
ventromedial prefrontal cortex
DSM Borderline PD
Negative affectivity (emotional lability, anxiousness, separation insecurity, depressivity)
Disinhibition (impulsivity, risk taking)
Antagonism (hostility)
Neurobio factors of BPD
low serotonin funcition
heightened amygdala activation
low levels of activity and structural changes in pf cortex (exp anterior cingulate cortex)
theory that proposes that BPD develops when people who have difficulty controlling their emotions because of a biological diathesis are raised in a family environment that is invalidating
Marsha Linehan’s Diathesis-Stress Theory
2 hypothesized factors in Linehan’s Diathesis-Stress Theory
Emotional dysregulation
invalidation
Psychodynamic therapist aim
alter patient’s present-day views of childhood problems assumed to underlie personality disorders
Cognitive therapy
aaron beck
challenge cognitions
Treatments Psychotypal PD
antipsychotic drugs
antidepressants
Treatment Avoidant PD
antidepressants
cognitive behavioral treatment
social skills training
systematic desensitization
cognitive therapy
Treatment BPD
Dialectical Behaviro Therapy
Mentalization Based Therapy
Schema-Focused Cognitive Therapy
Dialectic Behavior Therapy
accept but help change
synthesis of opposites
4 stages of DBT
Address dangerously impoulsive behaviors (promote control)
Learn to modulte extreme emotionality
Improve relationships and self esteem
promote connectedness and happiness
Mentalization Based Therapy
mentalization: think about own and other’s feelings
Therapists and patient work to identify maladaptive assumptions that a client holds about relationships
Schema-focused cognitive therapy
