Chapter 9 - Preventive Medicine and Infection Control Flashcards
What is the Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine?
NAVMED P-5010
What is considered the most desirable means of maintaining good health?
Prevention and control of diseases
What term is defined as the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact with hazards of wastes and this terms goal is to provide personnel with a clean and healthy work and living environment?
Sanitation
What affects the morale of shipmates when unclean or have disagreeable odor and promotes health and prevents diseases?
Personal Hygiene
Who performs sanitation inspections and provides recommendations to the Commanding Officer?
HM or the Medical Department Representative (MDR)
Air ventilation, heating, and air conditioning are factors that can affect what?
Habitability
What is any animal capable of transmitting pathogens or producing human or animal discomfort or injury called? (i.e. inspectors arthropods and rodents)
Vector
These are organisms (insects, rodents, snakes, etc.) that adversely affect military operations and the well being of man and animal; attack real property, supplies, and equipment; or are otherwise undesirable?
Pests
Who may be given the responsibility of inspecting food, food-service facilities, and investigating food-borne illness outbreaks when assigned as the Medical Department Representative (MDR) for a command or station?
HM
What instruction is the Food Service Training Program?
SECNAVINST 4061.1
Who inspects Navy and Marine Corps food-service facilities Together with the food-service manager, officer, or designated representative?
MDR
What form is the “Food Service Sanitation Inspection”?
NAVMED Form 6240/1
Who’s major role is to minimize disability by emphasizing immunization programs?
Preventive Medicine’s
Vaccines used to protect Navy and Marine Corps personnel against certain diseases before exposure to infection are called what?
Prophylactic Immunizations
Immunizations procured for the Armed Forces are required to meet the minimum standards set by whom?
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
What instruction is “Immunizations and Chemoprophylaxis”?
BUMEDINST 6230.15
Communicable diseases may be transmitted from a carrier to a _______ _______.
Susceptible host
The illness produced is the result of __________ ________ invading and multiplying in the host, or from the release of their toxins.
Infectious agents
An important step in the control of communicable disease is the expeditious preparation and submission of the what?
Medical Event Report
Control of Communicable Disease Manual
NAVMED P-5038
What instruction sets the standards for drinking water for U.S. Naval establishments both ashore and afloat?
BUMEDINST 6240.1
What is considered unsafe until properly disinfected and tested in the field?
Water
Aeration, coagulation, flocculation, filtration, reverse osmosis, and disinfection are all process for what?
Water treatment
What are the three sources where potable water for shipboard come from?
Ship’s distillation plant, shore-to-ship delivery, or ship-to-ship transfer
What section of the ship determines the quantity stored or produced and performs the actual chlorination or bromination?
Ship’s engineering section
Published by the American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA), and the Water Pollution Control Federation (WPCF): What latest edition do naval vessels follow for water testing requirements and procedures?
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
The medical departments aboard ships are required to include ice samples in any bacteriological analyses they perform on water. True or False?
True
The proper water disposal of water waste materials control what water-borne diseases?
Cholera and typhoid fever
What are the approved method for disposing of wastes from shore activities?
Municipal or regional Wastewater collection and disposal systems
What is the instruction for “Nosocomial Infection Control Program”?
BUMEDINST 6220.9
What is the instruction for “Dental Infection Control Program”?
BUMEDINST 6600.10
Who must appoint, in writing, a Infection Control Officer (ICO) to assist in implementing an infection control program?
Commanding Officer (CO’s) and Officers in Charge (OIC)
What term is defined as the state of being free of pathogenic organisms?
Asepsis
What is a set of specific practices and procedures performed under carefully controlled conditions with the goal of minimizing contamination by pathogens?
Aseptic Technique
What is the number of microorganism contaminating an object; known as billboard or microbial load?
Bioburden
What is a non-sterile diagnostic test of a pre-vacuum sterilizer’s ability to remove air from the chamber and detect air leaks?
Bowie-Dick Type Test
What is the term used for chemical dyes that determine whether conditions required for sterilization are met; known as internal or external indicators, dosage indicator, or process indicator?
Chemical indicator
What term is used for Instruments and materials that penetrate the skin, mucous membranes, or bone; must be sterile before use. (Surgical instruments, periodontal knives, and suture needles).
Critical items
__________ are instruments that frequently contact mucous membranes, but cannot be sterilized because of their design or inability to withstand heat? (Radiographic positioning devices and plastic impression trays).
Semi-critical Items
___________ are instruments, equipment, or material that do not orally penetrate or contact mucous membranes , but which are exposed to splatters, sprays, or splashing of blood, or are touched by contaminated hands? (Dental unit and medical exam table).
Non-critical Items
___________ is a surgical entry into the tissues, cavities, organs, or repair of major traumatic injuries such as manipulation, cutting, or removal of any oral or perioral tissue during which bleeding occurs, or the potential for bleeding exists?
Invasive procedures
________ is an infection resulting from treatment in a hospital and is secondary to the patient’s original condition and unrelated to the primary diagnosis?
Nosocomial infection
__________ is an acceptable method of cleaning and disinfecting?
Spray-Wipe-Spary
__________ are methods of managing environmental and health by placing a barrier between the contamination and the rest of the site, thus limiting exposure pathways?
Engineered Controls
What are classified as bacteria, bacterial spores, viruses, Protozoa, and fungi?
Micro-organisms
What classification of microorganism take on the forms of a spore’s shell-like coating to withstand unfavorable conditions and resistant to the effects of heat, drying, and most bactericidal chemicals?
Bacteria
Which microorganism classification vary in size from a single protein molecule to complicated bacterial cell and divided into three subgroups (bacterial, animal, and plant). Examples are: colds, smallpox, measles, rubella, herpes simplex, AIDS, and hepatitis. Most are susceptible to immersion in boiling water for at least twenty minutes (except hepatitis) and autoclaving is the preferred method of sterilization?
Viruses
Which microorganism classification are single-celled animals that do not have a rigid cell wall. Those living on dead organic matter or bacteria are harmless and those that are pathogenic survive freely in nature and must be spread by a carrier (Malaria)?
Protozoa
Which classification of microorganism are plants that lack chlorophyll. Mold and yeast are forms of this, usually having firm cell walls and resembles plants more than animal? (Destroyed by heat and common examples are athletes foot and ringworm. Penicillin is derived from this).
Fungi
What are the two types of flora the skin harbors?
Resident (normal) flora and transient flora