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NAVEDTRA 14295B: HM Manual > Chapter 8 - Oral Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Oral Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the science that reads the nature, causes, and development of oral diseases?

A

Oral pathology

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2
Q

Salivary glands secrete about how many ml of saliva on a daily basis

A

1,500 ml

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3
Q

Microscopic counts in saliva show an average of how many microorganisms per milliliter?

A

750 million

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4
Q

What can be defined as any pathological or traumatic disorder of tissue that creates a loss of function of the area affected?

A

Oral lesions

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5
Q

What is a localized collection of pus in a specific area of soft tissue or bone that is commonly caused by a bacterial infection?

A

Abscess

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6
Q

What is a enclosed pouch or sac containing fluid or semi-solid material?

A

Cyst

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7
Q

What are a disruption of the superficial covering of the mucosa or skin caused by biting, denture irritation, toothbrush injury, viruses or other irritants?

A

Ulcers

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8
Q

What disease is caused by a microbial process that starts on the surface of the teeth and leads to the breaking down of the enamel, dentin, and cementum. The surface is noted as roughened when dental explorer point is passed?

A

Dental Caries

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9
Q

The process that destroys the hard surfaces of the tooth is called what?

A

Decay

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10
Q

The cause of tooth decay has been linked to a group of bacteria called what, and other acid producing bacteria that are in the oral cavity?

A

Streptococci

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11
Q

If the tooth surface has an area that has not progressed past the decalcification stage, this type of carious lesion is called what?

A

Incipient

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12
Q

What are decay processes that occur underneath existing dental restorations?

A

Recurrent Caries

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13
Q

What refers to pain in the dental pulp and commonly occurs after s restoration has been placed in a tooth. May become sensitive to touch, temperature changes, sweet or sour foods. Pain may increase when lying or walking upstairs?

A

Pulpalgia

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14
Q

What is an inflammation of the dental pulp, caused by a bacterial infection resulting from dental caries or fractured teeth. Build up of pressure in the canal?

A

Pulpitis

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15
Q

What results when the pulp has become inflamed and a small pus-like abscess forms in the pulpal canal. Patient may feel tooth is “high” when biting. May appear like a “grape” in X-Rays?

A

Periapical Abscess

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16
Q

The death of tissue is called what? It occurs as a result of untreated pulpitis from a traumatic injury.

A

Necrosis

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17
Q

What is the most prevalent chronic disease of humankind?

A

Periodontal disease

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18
Q

What is an inflammation involving the gingival tissues?

A

Gingivitis

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19
Q

What is the most common type of gingival disease that is the result of poor oral hygiene?

A

Marginal Gingivitis

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20
Q

What is an inflammation of the gingiva around a partially erupted tooth? the mandibular third molars are most often affected and has a “gingival flap”.

A

Pericoronitis

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21
Q

The most common of all the herpetic HSV-1 lesions is what?

A

Herpes labialis

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22
Q

The recurrent HSV-1 lesions take about how many days to resolve?

A

7 to 10

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23
Q

What is the main cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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24
Q

What is the loss of substance of a tooth from a wearing away process caused by teeth against teeth, for example mastication of food?

A

Attrition

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25
Q

What results in the loss of tooth structure secondary to the action of external agents (biting foreign objects such as pipe stem, thread, bobby pins)?

A

Abrasion

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26
Q

What is the loss of tooth substances from a chemical process that does not involve bacteria? Usually occurs on the facial surfaces at the gingival third of the crown and often involves the maxillary incisors.

A

Erosion

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27
Q

Some ties of lesions are called what because the factors producing this condition are unknown or may occur from a known acid source such as people who have bulimia, an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and self induced vomiting?

A

Idiopathic erosion

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28
Q

What is referred to as Vincent’s infection, but it is commonly known as trenchmouth? It has the characteristics of white or grayish tissue around the teeth, unpleasant odor and a foul taste in the mouth, and a “punched-out” appearance.

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Disease (NUG)

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29
Q

Round pinpoint, non-raised, purplish-red spots, caused by mucosal or dermal hemorrhage?

A

Petechiae

30
Q

Large, purplish-red areas caused by blood under the skin or mucosa; turns to a blue or yellow color?

A

Ecchymoses

31
Q

A small elevation that contains fluid. Most of these lesions in the oral cavity rupture, leaving superficial ulcers?

A

Vesicles

32
Q

A localized collection of blood that escaped from blood vessels due to trauma. It is well-defined and with time, changes to a dark color?

A

Hematoma

33
Q

What part of the body with a temperature of 98.6 degree Fahrenheit is the perfect environment for microorganisms to live?

A

Mouth

34
Q

Who is responsible for informing a patient when an oral disease is found?

A

Dental Officer

35
Q

Indicating decalcification process, how do dental caries usually first appear on the enamel?

A

Chalky white spot

36
Q

What is the process in which the decay stops as it spreads in the enamel? These areas are dark, hollowed out, feel hard to touch, and the explorer may “sink in”.

A

Arrested Carious Lesion

37
Q

What will result when the following events occur: improper cavity preparation (unable to remove all of the decay), inadequate cavity restoration (open margins), and old restorations (restoration break down or are not sealed properly creating a “leaky margin”)?

A

Recurrent Caries

38
Q

What are the two types of carious lesions?

A

Pit and Fissure Type/ Smooth Surface Type

39
Q

Pit and fissure caries develop in what area of a tooth that are hard to keep clean of food debris and plaque?

A

Depressions

40
Q

Smooth surface caries develop on what area of a tooth?

A

Proximal surfaces or the gingival third of facial and lingual surfaces

41
Q

What is the term that refers to any disease involving the dental pulp?

A

Pulposis

42
Q

If a periapical abscess is left untreated, in what area of a tooth will bone loss occur?

A

Apex

43
Q

Dead pulpal tissue will decompose and produce what? It has a foul smell or rotten

A

Toxins

44
Q

Marginal gingivitis usually starts where?

A

Tips of the papillae

45
Q

When periodontitis progresses, the gingival tissues appear as what color?

A

Bluish red

46
Q

During pocket formation, what type of projections of calculus form between the teeth?

A

Shelf-like

47
Q

The gingiva surrounding a periodontal abscess will have what appearance after a long-continued irritation by food debris, plaque, deep deposits of calculus, or foreign objects?

A

Inflamed and swollen

48
Q

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) are painful ulcerations that appear with physical and emotion stress. RAS is known as?

A

Canker sores

49
Q

Herpes simplex virus, Type One (HSV-1)

A

Oral herpes

50
Q

Herpes simplex virus, type Two (HSV-2)

A

Genital herpes

51
Q

Lesions that occur after the vesicles rupture and the surface crusts for HSV-1?

A

“Fever blisters”

52
Q

The crusted lesions after the HSV-1 vesicles rupture are known as?

A

“Cold Sores”

53
Q

Recurrent herpes simplex lesions that affect routine dental treatment should be rescheduled for what period of time?

A

After the active phase

54
Q

Oral manifestations of HIV infection that is a fungal infection of the mouth, usually red or white in color?

A

Candidiasis

55
Q

Oral manifestations of HIV infection that is a viral infection on the tongue with lesions that appear as white and slightly raised?

A

Hairy Leukoplakia

56
Q

Oral manifestations of HIV infection that is cancerous, dark bluish-purple lesions that involve blood vessels?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

57
Q

What are the two types of neoplasms that can be diagnosed in oral cancer?

A

Benign (not life threatening) and Malignant (life threatening)

58
Q

What classification of malignant tumor is a cancer of the epithelium that start off looking like elevated or ulcerated lesions that quickly spread and invade the lymph nodes?

A

Carcinoma

59
Q

What classification of malignant tumor is found in the oral region or salivary glans most often of the palate and appears as a lump or a bulge under the mucosa?

A

Adenocarcinoma

60
Q

What classification of malignant tumor that affects the supportive and connective tissues (bones of the jaw) and is characterized by the abnormal growth and spread of cancer cells?

A

Sarcomas

61
Q

The growth or spread of malignant tumors from one area to another is known as?

A

Metastasis

62
Q

The area where the user of smokeless tobacco, develops an oral precancerous lesion, is defined as what type of pathology?

A

Snuff-Dipper’s Keratosis

63
Q

When does a congenital disorder occur?

A

Before birth

64
Q

Which congenital disorder has the absence of a single or multiple teeth?

A

Anodontia

65
Q

Which congenital disorder has development of one or more extra teeth?

A

Supernumery Teeth

66
Q

Which congenital disorder has the maxillary and medial nasal processes fail to fuse?

A

Cleft Lip

67
Q

Which congenital disorder results when the palate shelves, right and left side do not fuse leaving a space?

A

Cleft Palate

68
Q

Which congenital disorder results from a short lingual frenulum attachment also known as tongue tied?

A

Ankyloglossia

69
Q

What is the condition in which a tooth is blocked by a physical barrier, usually teeth or bone?

A

Impaction

70
Q

Occlusal attrition is a result from? Grinding of teeth.

A

Bruxism

71
Q

What types of lesions are caused by unknown factors or may occur from a know acid source such as bulimia?

A

Idiopathic erosion

NAVEDTRA 14295B: HM Manual (25 decks)

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