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NAVEDTRA 14295B: HM Manual > Chapter 22 - Poisoning and Drug Abuse > Flashcards

Chapter 22 - Poisoning and Drug Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

What is defined as a substance that, when introduced to the body, produces a harmful effect on normal body structures of functions?

A

Poison

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2
Q

What type of effect is produced when a poison only affects the area in which it is applied, i.e. poison ivy reaction?

A

Local Effect

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3
Q

What type of effect is produced when a poison affects parts of the body that are remote to the site of application or point of introduction, i.e. allergic reaction?

A

Remote Effect

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4
Q

What is defined as the science of poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions produced by them?

A

Toxicology

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5
Q

What is defined as the presence of signs or symptoms associated with exposure or contact with a substance?

A

Poisoning

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6
Q

What are the six steps in the initial and follow-on poison management?

A
  1. Stablization
  2. Evaluation
  3. Prevention or limitation of absorption
  4. Elimination enhancement
  5. Administration of specific antidotes
  6. Continuing care and disposition
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7
Q

The presence of a _____ ________ or _________ can help establish that a poison has been involved by suggesting the class of poison(s) to which tha patient may have been exposed.

A

Toxic syndrome or Toxidrome

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8
Q

A patient presents with “beady eyes,” sunglasses, decreased blood pressure, CNS and respiratory depression. What toxidrome does this set of symptoms suggest?

A

Narcotics

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9
Q

A patient presents with diarrhea, dilated pupils, goose bumps, increased heart rate, tearing, yawning, stomach cramps, and hallucinations. What toxidrome does this set of symptoms suggest?

A

Withdrawal

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10
Q

A patient presents with CNS excitation (confusion, in-coordination, agitation, hallucination, delirium, seizures), increased blood pressure and heart rate. What toxidrome does this set of symptoms suggest?

A

Sympathomimetic

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11
Q

A patient presents with dilated pupils, fever, dry skin, urinary retention, decreased bowel sounds, and increased heart rate. What toxidrome does this set of symptoms suggest?

A

Anticholinergic

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12
Q

A patient presents with “SLUDGE,” increased salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI cramping, emesis and muscle weakness. what toxidrome does this set of symptoms suggest?

A

Cholinergic

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13
Q

What is the most common route of exposure to toxic chemicals in the home?

A

Ingested

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14
Q

How would you dilute a non-corrosive poison ingested by a conscious victim?

A

Drink 1-2 glasses of water or milk

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15
Q

What is the preffered method for emptying the contents of the stomach?

A

Emetic

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16
Q

What is the most commonly used substance to which an HM will have access?

A

15-30 cc (adult) of Ipecac Syrup (Child = 15 cc)

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17
Q

What is the last resort for inducing vomiting?

A

Tickle the back of the victim’s throat with a finger or blunt object

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18
Q

If two doses of Ipecac syrup has failed to induce vomiting what method whould be used? This method is preffered when the victim is unconscious.

A

Gastric Lavage

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19
Q

What item is used to absorb substances in the stomach and prevents absorption into the body? Bowel movement is charcoal-black color.

A

Activated Charcoal

20
Q

What may be used to “speed” the movement of the boud substance and minimize absorption?

A

Cathartic (magnesium sulfate or sorbitol)

21
Q

What produces actual chemical burning and corrosion of the tissues of the lips, mouth, throat, and stomach?

A

Acids and Alkalis

22
Q

What is the sound that may be heard from the upper airway after ingesting a corrosive substance?

A

Stridor

23
Q

Never attempt to treat an acid or base ingestion by administering a neutralizing solution by mouth. Give water only, unless directed by whom?

A

Poison Control Center (PCC) or Medical Officer

24
Q

If the HM is unable to reach the Poison Control Center (PCC) or a physician for specific instructions, how should the HM treat a victim who has ingested a Petroleum Distillates or Hydrocarbons product?

A

Give 1-2 ounces (30-60 ml) of vegetable oil

25
Q

Most bacterial and viral food poisoning appear within how many hours of ingesting food? What is the treatment?

A

8 hours; Prevent dehydration

26
Q

what is the most common route of exposure to toxic substances?

A

Inhalation

27
Q

What is the most common agent of gas poisoning? Completely oderless and tasteless. Lips and skin of a victim are cherry red and death may occur within a few minutes.

A

Carbon Monoxide

28
Q

The most common cause of what in Navy is the inhalation of vaporized zinc found in the galvanized covering of iron and steel?

A

Metal Fume Fever (MEF)

29
Q

What is the treatment for inhalation poisoning?

A

Remove from environment and clothing, oxygen, and treat for shock.

30
Q

A patient presents exhibiting signs of anaphylactic reaction to a bee or wasp sting. What is the proper treatment for the patient?

A

Remove jewelry, Epinephrine (0.5 ml for adult; 0.1-0.3 ml for Children, Ice cube to relieve pain, or removal of the stinger by scraping with a dull knife.

31
Q

What is the scorpion found in Mexico and the southwest region of the United States and may cause severe effects?

A

Bark Scorpion (Centruroides exilicauda)

32
Q

What is the treatment for Scorpion stings?

A

Ice over site, Elevate limb, tylenol, Calcium Gluconate (10 ml of 10% solution), Benzodiazepines (Valium and Midazolam)

33
Q

What spider is identified be the red hourglass-shaped spot on its belly? Bite causes dull, numbing pain, a board-like rigidity of the abdominal muscle, dyspnea, and severe pain.

A

Female Black Widow Spider

34
Q

What spider is identified by its violin-shaped marking? Bite causes a belb over the site and erythema begin to surround the belb.

A

Brown Recluse

35
Q

What is seen in children who are biten by a Brown Recluse and may be fatal?

A

Intravascular hemolysis

36
Q

What is the treatment for a Brown Recluse bite?

A

Debridement, peroxide cleansing and aluminum acetate solution soaks, and polymyxin-bacitracin-neomycin ointment.

37
Q

What are the five venomous families of snakes?

A

Viperidae, Elapidae, Hydrophidae, Colubridae and Atractaspididae

38
Q

Which venomous snake family includes rattlesnakes, moccasins, European adders, South american bushmasters? Death results mainly by coagulopathy (a blood clothing disorder) and shock.

A

Viperidae

39
Q

Which venomous snake family includes cobras, kraits, mambas, and coral snakes. Death results from neurotoxic venoms.

A

Elapidae

40
Q

Which venomous snake family includes sea snakes and venomous snakes from the islands of the southern Pacific Ocean? Also kills from neurotoxic venom.

A

Hydrophidae

41
Q

Which venomous snake family includes most of the common nonvenomous species, as well as the boomslang, vine/twig/bird snake, Japanese yamakagashi, and the southeast asian red-necked callback?

A

Colubridae

42
Q

Which of the venomous snake family inclused the burrowing asps/mole vipers, stiletto snakes, and adders?

A

Atractaspididae

43
Q

What snakes are of the Viperidae family and are called “pit vipers” because of the small, deep pits between the nostrils and eyes; two long, hollow fangs; slit-like pupils of the eyes; and flat triangular heads?

A

Crotalids

44
Q

Crotalids have heads that will be much wider than the body, giving the appearnace of an arrowhead. True or Flase?

A

True

45
Q

What snakes are of the family Elipidae and they are somparatively thin snakes with small bands of red, black, and yellow?

A

Coral Snakes

46
Q

What is the saying that only applies to NORTH American Coral Snakes?

A

“Red on yellow, kill a fellow; red on black, venom lack.”

NAVEDTRA 14295B: HM Manual (25 decks)

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