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NAVEDTRA 14295B: HM Manual > Chapter 18 - Pharmacy > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - Pharmacy Flashcards

0
Q

What branch of pharmacology deals with biological, biochemical, and economic features of natural medications and their constituents?

A

Pharmacognosy

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1
Q

What is the science dealing with the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of medications or drugs?

A

Pharmacology

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2
Q

What branch of pharmacology deals with the preparation, dispensing and proper use of medications?

A

Pharmacy

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3
Q

What is the study of the dosages of medicines and medications?

A

Posology

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4
Q

What is the study of the action or effects of medications on living organisms?

A

Pharmacodynamics

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5
Q

What is the study of the uses of medications in the treatment of disease?

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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6
Q

What is the study of poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions produced by them?

A

Toxicology

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7
Q

What is the science of treating disease by any method that will relieve pain, treat or cure diseases and infections, or prolong life?

A

Therapeutics

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8
Q

What is the text that sets the standards for quality, purity, strength, and consistency and provides standards for medications of therapeutic usefulness and pharmaceutical necessity?

A

United States Pharmacopeia, and National Formulary (USP-NF)

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9
Q

Who designates the United States Pharmacopeia, and National Formulary (USP-NF) as the official reference for medications marketed in the United States?

A

The U.S. Federal Food, Medication, and Cosmetics Act

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10
Q

What is a comprehensive medication information reference that is organized by therapeutic medication class?

A

Drug Facts and Comparisons

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11
Q

What text is an easy to use reference for providers seeking quick and concise medication information that is similar to what information is contained in the Drug Facts and Comparisons?

A

Drug Information Handbook

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12
Q

What is the most widely used text/reference of pharmacology, toxicology, and therapeutics in American pharmacies that is known as the “blue bible” of pharmacology?

A

Remington’s The Science and Practice of Pharmacy

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13
Q

What is the amount of medication to be administered referred to as?

A

Dose

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14
Q

The minimum and maximum amount of a drug required to produce the desired effect is referred to by what term?

A

Dosage Range

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15
Q

What term is defined as the least amount of medication required to produce a therapeutic effect?

A

Minimum Dose

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16
Q

What term is defined as the largest amount of medication that can be given without reaching the toxic effect?

A

Maximum Dose

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17
Q

What term is defined as the least amount of medication that will produce symptoms of poisoning?

A

Toxic Dose

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18
Q

What term is defined as the amount needed to produce the desired therapeutic effect; referred to as the normal dose, the usual dose, or average dose; and is calculated on an average adult male of 24 years who weighs approximately 150 pounds?

A

Therapeutic Dose

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19
Q

What does refers to the least amount of a drug that can cause death?

A

Minimum Lethal Dose

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20
Q

What two primary factors, if any, determine a dose?

A

Age and weight

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21
Q

The most common factor influencing the amount of drug given to a patient is?

A

Age

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22
Q

What is the name of the rule used to determine appropriate dosage of medication based on a child’s age?

A

Young’s Rule

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23
Q

What is the equation for Young’s Rule?

A

(Age in years/Age in years+12) x adult dose = child’s dose

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24
Q

In the calculation of pediatric dosage, what has more more direct bearing on dose than any other factor?

A

Weight

25
Q

What is the name of the rule used to determine appropriate dosage of medication based on a child’s weight?

A

Clark’s Rule

26
Q

Females require smaller doses than males. True or false?

A

True

27
Q

“RACE”: (a) ________ individuals usually require larger doses, and Asians require smaller doses than (b) ________.

A

(a) Black. (b) Caucasians

28
Q

“OCCUPATION”: Persons working in strenuous jobs may require larger doses than those who sit at a desk all day. True or False?

A

True

29
Q

In computing the amount of drug to be given to an underweight female, what adjustments to the normal dosage would ordinarily be made?

A

Decrease of dosage because of her sex and further decrease because of her weight

30
Q

A drug given continuously to a patient often has to be increased in dosage to maintain the desired effect. The need for a larger dose is probably caused by an acquired tolerance from?

A

Habitual use

31
Q

What are the two most common routes of administration?

A

Oral (enteral) and injection (parenteral)

32
Q

What is the most common method of administering medication?

A

Orally

33
Q

Convenience, cheap, does not have to be pure or sterile, and various available dosage are the ___________ of administering the medications orally.

A

Advantages

34
Q

Difficulty swallowing tablets or capsules, slow absorption, and partial or complete destruction by the digestive system are the ___________ of administering medications orally.

A

Disadvantages

35
Q

What term is used to define a medication (i.e. nitroglycerin) that is placed under the tongue for rapid absorption directly into the blood stream?

A

Sublingual

36
Q

What term is used to define a medication (i.e. anesthetic benzocaine) that is placed between the cheek and gum for quick absorption directly in the blood stream?

A

Buccal

37
Q

What method of administering medication is introduced by injection and must be pure, sterile, pyrogens-free, and in a liquid state?

A

Parenteral

38
Q

How many times are parenteral solutions examined and when are they?

A

3 times. Upon receiving, periodically while in storage, and immediately preceding use.

39
Q

Which method of parenteral administration is the medication injected just below the skin’s cutaneous layers (i.e. Insulin)?

A

Subcutaneous

40
Q

Which method of parenteral administration is medication injected within the dermis layer of the skin (i.e. Purified Protein Derivative (PPD))?

A

Intradermal

41
Q

Which method of parenteral administration is medication injected into the muscle (i.e. Procaine Penicillin G.)?

A

Intramuscular

42
Q

Which method of parenteral administration is medication injected directly into the vein?

A

Intravenous

43
Q

Most rapid onset of action, administered directly into the blood stream, and patient’s may not be able to take oral medications are some of the _________ of intravenous administration of medications.

A

Advantages

44
Q

Effects of an error are magnified; risk of infection; pain, real or psychological may accompany an injection; and medications must be sterile are the __________ of intravenous administration of medications.

A

Disadvantages

45
Q

What term is used to define a medication that is introduced into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column (i.e. Procaine Hydrochloride)?

A

Intrathecal or Intraspinal

46
Q

Which method of medication administration introduces medication through the respiratory system in the form of gas, vapor, or powder?

A

Inhalation

47
Q

What are the three major types of inhalation?

A

Vaporization, gas inhalation, and nebulization.

48
Q

Which type of inhalation is the process by which a medication is changed from a liquid or solid to a gas or vapor by the use of heat?

A

Vaporization

49
Q

Which type of inhalation is almost entirely restricted to anesthesia?

A

Gas Inhalation

50
Q

Which type of inhalation is the process by which medication is converted into a fine spray by the use of compressed gas?

A

Nebulization

51
Q

What are the two purposes of topical medication applied to the body (skin)?

A

Local effect (relieve symptoms without being absorbed into the blood stream and systemic effect (absorbed into the blood stream)

52
Q

What the six “RIGHTS” of medication administration?

A

(1) Right Patient; (2) Right Medication; (3) Right Dose; (4) Right Route; (5) Right Time; and (6) Right Documentation.

53
Q

For verifying the right patient, how many forms of patient identification should a Corpsman use?

A

Two: the patient’s arm band and the Medication Administration Record (MAR)

54
Q

When preparing medications form bottles or containers, how many times are the label compared with the Medication Administration Record (MAR)?

A

(1) Before removing from the shelf or drawer; (2) As the amount of medication ordered is removed from the container; and (3) Before returning the container to storage.

55
Q

What are the three specific areas that medications are classified according to set criteria?

A

(1) General (grouped according to their source); (2) Chemical (grouped according to chemical characteristics); and (3) Therapeutic or Pharmacological (grouped according to actions on the body).

56
Q

How many names to medications Normally have?

A

(1) Chemical Name, (2) Generic Name, and (3) Brand or Trade Name

57
Q

Which medication name relates to the molecular structure and is rarely used because of its complexity?

A

Chemical Name

58
Q

Which medication name is often derived from the chemical name and is the common name of the medication?

A

Generic Name (nonproprietary)

59
Q

Which medication name is the proprietary name given by the manufacturer and is also known as the Trade Name?

A

Brand Name

60
Q

What is the formula for Clark’s Rule?

A

(Weight in lbs/150) x adult dose = child’s dose

NAVEDTRA 14295B: HM Manual (25 decks)

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