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NAVEDTRA 14295B: HM Manual > Chapter 18 - Pharmacy > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - Pharmacy Flashcards

0
Q

What branch of pharmacology deals with biological, biochemical, and economic features of natural medications and their constituents?

A

Pharmacognosy

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1
Q

What is the science dealing with the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of medications or drugs?

A

Pharmacology

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2
Q

What branch of pharmacology deals with the preparation, dispensing and proper use of medications?

A

Pharmacy

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3
Q

What is the study of the dosages of medicines and medications?

A

Posology

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4
Q

What is the study of the action or effects of medications on living organisms?

A

Pharmacodynamics

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5
Q

What is the study of the uses of medications in the treatment of disease?

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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6
Q

What is the study of poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions produced by them?

A

Toxicology

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7
Q

What is the science of treating disease by any method that will relieve pain, treat or cure diseases and infections, or prolong life?

A

Therapeutics

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8
Q

What is the text that sets the standards for quality, purity, strength, and consistency and provides standards for medications of therapeutic usefulness and pharmaceutical necessity?

A

United States Pharmacopeia, and National Formulary (USP-NF)

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9
Q

Who designates the United States Pharmacopeia, and National Formulary (USP-NF) as the official reference for medications marketed in the United States?

A

The U.S. Federal Food, Medication, and Cosmetics Act

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10
Q

What is a comprehensive medication information reference that is organized by therapeutic medication class?

A

Drug Facts and Comparisons

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11
Q

What text is an easy to use reference for providers seeking quick and concise medication information that is similar to what information is contained in the Drug Facts and Comparisons?

A

Drug Information Handbook

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12
Q

What is the most widely used text/reference of pharmacology, toxicology, and therapeutics in American pharmacies that is known as the “blue bible” of pharmacology?

A

Remington’s The Science and Practice of Pharmacy

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13
Q

What is the amount of medication to be administered referred to as?

A

Dose

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14
Q

The minimum and maximum amount of a drug required to produce the desired effect is referred to by what term?

A

Dosage Range

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15
Q

What term is defined as the least amount of medication required to produce a therapeutic effect?

A

Minimum Dose

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16
Q

What term is defined as the largest amount of medication that can be given without reaching the toxic effect?

A

Maximum Dose

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17
Q

What term is defined as the least amount of medication that will produce symptoms of poisoning?

A

Toxic Dose

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18
Q

What term is defined as the amount needed to produce the desired therapeutic effect; referred to as the normal dose, the usual dose, or average dose; and is calculated on an average adult male of 24 years who weighs approximately 150 pounds?

A

Therapeutic Dose

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19
Q

What does refers to the least amount of a drug that can cause death?

A

Minimum Lethal Dose

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20
Q

What two primary factors, if any, determine a dose?

A

Age and weight

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21
Q

The most common factor influencing the amount of drug given to a patient is?

A

Age

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22
Q

What is the name of the rule used to determine appropriate dosage of medication based on a child’s age?

A

Young’s Rule

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23
Q

What is the equation for Young’s Rule?

A

(Age in years/Age in years+12) x adult dose = child’s dose

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24
In the calculation of pediatric dosage, what has more more direct bearing on dose than any other factor?
Weight
25
What is the name of the rule used to determine appropriate dosage of medication based on a child's weight?
Clark's Rule
26
Females require smaller doses than males. True or false?
True
27
"RACE": (a) ________ individuals usually require larger doses, and Asians require smaller doses than (b) ________.
(a) Black. (b) Caucasians
28
"OCCUPATION": Persons working in strenuous jobs may require larger doses than those who sit at a desk all day. True or False?
True
29
In computing the amount of drug to be given to an underweight female, what adjustments to the normal dosage would ordinarily be made?
Decrease of dosage because of her sex and further decrease because of her weight
30
A drug given continuously to a patient often has to be increased in dosage to maintain the desired effect. The need for a larger dose is probably caused by an acquired tolerance from?
Habitual use
31
What are the two most common routes of administration?
Oral (enteral) and injection (parenteral)
32
What is the most common method of administering medication?
Orally
33
Convenience, cheap, does not have to be pure or sterile, and various available dosage are the ___________ of administering the medications orally.
Advantages
34
Difficulty swallowing tablets or capsules, slow absorption, and partial or complete destruction by the digestive system are the ___________ of administering medications orally.
Disadvantages
35
What term is used to define a medication (i.e. nitroglycerin) that is placed under the tongue for rapid absorption directly into the blood stream?
Sublingual
36
What term is used to define a medication (i.e. anesthetic benzocaine) that is placed between the cheek and gum for quick absorption directly in the blood stream?
Buccal
37
What method of administering medication is introduced by injection and must be pure, sterile, pyrogens-free, and in a liquid state?
Parenteral
38
How many times are parenteral solutions examined and when are they?
3 times. Upon receiving, periodically while in storage, and immediately preceding use.
39
Which method of parenteral administration is the medication injected just below the skin's cutaneous layers (i.e. Insulin)?
Subcutaneous
40
Which method of parenteral administration is medication injected within the dermis layer of the skin (i.e. Purified Protein Derivative (PPD))?
Intradermal
41
Which method of parenteral administration is medication injected into the muscle (i.e. Procaine Penicillin G.)?
Intramuscular
42
Which method of parenteral administration is medication injected directly into the vein?
Intravenous
43
Most rapid onset of action, administered directly into the blood stream, and patient's may not be able to take oral medications are some of the _________ of intravenous administration of medications.
Advantages
44
Effects of an error are magnified; risk of infection; pain, real or psychological may accompany an injection; and medications must be sterile are the __________ of intravenous administration of medications.
Disadvantages
45
What term is used to define a medication that is introduced into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column (i.e. Procaine Hydrochloride)?
Intrathecal or Intraspinal
46
Which method of medication administration introduces medication through the respiratory system in the form of gas, vapor, or powder?
Inhalation
47
What are the three major types of inhalation?
Vaporization, gas inhalation, and nebulization.
48
Which type of inhalation is the process by which a medication is changed from a liquid or solid to a gas or vapor by the use of heat?
Vaporization
49
Which type of inhalation is almost entirely restricted to anesthesia?
Gas Inhalation
50
Which type of inhalation is the process by which medication is converted into a fine spray by the use of compressed gas?
Nebulization
51
What are the two purposes of topical medication applied to the body (skin)?
Local effect (relieve symptoms without being absorbed into the blood stream and systemic effect (absorbed into the blood stream)
52
What the six "RIGHTS" of medication administration?
(1) Right Patient; (2) Right Medication; (3) Right Dose; (4) Right Route; (5) Right Time; and (6) Right Documentation.
53
For verifying the right patient, how many forms of patient identification should a Corpsman use?
Two: the patient's arm band and the Medication Administration Record (MAR)
54
When preparing medications form bottles or containers, how many times are the label compared with the Medication Administration Record (MAR)?
(1) Before removing from the shelf or drawer; (2) As the amount of medication ordered is removed from the container; and (3) Before returning the container to storage.
55
What are the three specific areas that medications are classified according to set criteria?
(1) General (grouped according to their source); (2) Chemical (grouped according to chemical characteristics); and (3) Therapeutic or Pharmacological (grouped according to actions on the body).
56
How many names to medications Normally have?
(1) Chemical Name, (2) Generic Name, and (3) Brand or Trade Name
57
Which medication name relates to the molecular structure and is rarely used because of its complexity?
Chemical Name
58
Which medication name is often derived from the chemical name and is the common name of the medication?
Generic Name (nonproprietary)
59
Which medication name is the proprietary name given by the manufacturer and is also known as the Trade Name?
Brand Name
60
What is the formula for Clark's Rule?
(Weight in lbs/150) x adult dose = child's dose

NAVEDTRA 14295B: HM Manual (25 decks)

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