Chapter 9-Patient Assessment

Question 1

Patient assessment is divided into 5 parts:

Answer 1

Scene size-up
Primary Assessment
History-taking
Secondary Assessment
Reassessment

Question 2

What is a symptom?

Answer 2

a subjective condition that the patient feels and reports

Question 3

What is a sign?

Answer 3

An objective condition you can observe and measure

Question 4

Describe what mechanism of injury (MOI) is

Answer 4

the type or amount of force applied to the body, where it was applied, how long it was applied.

Question 5

The two types of trauma in MOI are:

Answer 5

blunt trauma (spread out over a larger area) and penetrating trauma (pierces the skin and is more susceptible to infection)

Question 6

What are the things that you should check during primary assessment?

Answer 6

LOC, ABCs, form a general impression

Question 7

What sort of things factor into the general impression?

Answer 7

Patient’s age, race, sex, level of distress, position

Question 8

After forming your general impression, you should categorize the patient as:

Answer 8

stable, stable but can become unstable any moment, unstable

Question 9

How do you assess level of consciousness?

Answer 9

AVPU

Question 10

If the patient is unconscious, you focus on _____

Answer 10

ABCs

Question 11

What are some places where you can apply pressure to assess responsiveness to painful stimulus?

Answer 11

tricep, ear lobe, trapezius, underside of eyebrow

Question 12

If the patient is conscious, and responsive to verbal stimuli, what do you evaluate next?

Answer 12

Orientation

Question 13

How do you assess orientation?

Answer 13

PPET (person, place, event, time)

Question 14

What should you address in a trauma patient before the ABCs?

Answer 14

excessive external bleeding

Question 15

If direct pressure to a bleeding wound is not enough to control the bleeding, use a _____

Answer 15

tourniquet proximal to the injury

Question 16

When do you perform a rapid exam?

Answer 16

As part of the primary assessment?

Question 17

A patient who is breathing on their own has _____

Answer 17

spontaneous respiration

Question 18

If a patient is not breathing or is breathing too shallow, use _______. If a patient is breathing, but hypoxic, use ______.

Answer 18

positive pressure ventilation, supplemental oxygen (94%-99%)

Question 19

What are signs of inadequate breathing?

Answer 19

Use of accessory muscles
Nasal flaring
See-sawing 
tripod position
sniffing position (children)
Supraclavical/intercostal retractions

Question 20

________ is when the work of breathing is increased. ________ is when the blood is inadequately oxygenated to meet the demands of the body. ________ is when respiratory failure has progressed too far.

Answer 20

Respiratory distress, respiratory failure, respiratory arrest

Question 21

When do you take a radial pulse?

Answer 21

conscious patients above the age of 1

Question 22

When do you take a carotid pulse?

Answer 22

unconcsious patients over the age of 1

Question 23

When do you take a brachial pulse?

Answer 23

patients under the age of 1

Question 24

Pupil size is regulated through ______ via the _______

Answer 24

continuous motor commands, oculomotor nerve

Question 25

What is it called when someone naturally has two differently sized pupils?

Answer 25

Anisocoria

Question 26

What are some causes of poor pupilary reactions?

Answer 26

Trauma
stroke
brain tumor
poor perfusion to the brain
drugs/toxins

Question 27

What mneumonic can you use for pupil assessment?

Answer 27

Pupils
Equal
And
Round
Light (responds to )
Size (normal)