Chapter 25-Bleeding Flashcards
What is the diameter of a capillary?
One red blood cell
Venules become veins which meet and enter the heart via the _____
inferior and superior vena cavae
What does blood clot formation depend on?
blood stasis, changes in blood vessel walls, and the blood’s ability to clot
How is the constriction and dilation of vessels controlled?
Autonomic nervous system
Where is blood directed during an emergency?
The heart, lungs, brain, and kidneys
Define external bleeding
Visible hemorrhage
How many mL of blood per kg are there in the average male?
70 mL/kg
How many mL of blood per kg are there in the average female?
65 mL/kg
How much blood loss can the body tolerate?
up to 20% but no more
What are signs of increased blood loss?
Decreased BP, increased, HR, increased respiratory rate
About how much blood is there in an average infant?
800 mL
How much blood loss can an infant’s body compensate for?
100-200 mL
Of the three different types of bleeds, which ones are more likely to clot?
Venous and capillary
After how long does bleeding usually end on its own?
10 min
What mechanisms are at play that allow for bleeding to stop on its own?
Clotting and vasoconstriction at the site of vessel damage
What factors affect clotting?
Movement, disease, medications, removal of bandages, environment, and body temperature
What is the name for the disease in which clotting mechanisms are absent?
Hemophilia
What do you address first ABCs or bleeding?
ABCs assuming the bleeding isn’t extreme
What are the three methods for controlling bleeding?
Direct pressure
pressure bandage
tourniquet
Should you elevate the injury?
Not necessarily, it isn’t as effective as previously thought and it may worsen other injuries
What is the only situation in which you should remove a penetrating object?
If it’s obstructing the airway
How long do you apply direct pressure for?
5 min
What should you check after applying a pressure bandage?
that you can still feel a distal pulse
What are two additional measures you can take in addition to pressure/tourniquet?
Keep warm and lay in supine position
What are the two forms of hemostatic agents?
Granular powder and gauze with a clay on it
What are some different types of commercial tourniquets?
MAT, SWAT, CAT, and RMT
After applying a tourniquet what are two things you should check?
There’s no distal pulse and you wrote down what time the tourniquet was applied
What are DO NOTs regarding tourniquets?
- Don’t apply over joint
- Don’t remove once applied
- Don’t cover with a bandage
- Don’t use wire/rope/thin materials
What is the function of air/soft splint?
They control both internal and external bleeding and immobilize fractures.
What is epitaxis?
Nosebleed
What are common causes of epitaxis?
digitla trauma
hypertension
head trauma
What should you NOT do for epitaxis or facial bleeding?
Apply strong pressure
When treating facial/head bleeds, what should you look for?
Cerebrospinal fluid on the gauze
