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first responder > Chapter 21-Toxicology > Flashcards

Chapter 21-Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Define Toxicology

A

the study of toxic or poisonous substances

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2
Q

Define poison

A

A substance whose chemical action can damage body structures or hinder body functions

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3
Q

Define toxin

A

A poisonous substance that is naturally produced by a plant, animal, or bacteria

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4
Q

Define substance abuse

A

The misuse of any substance for a desired effect

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5
Q

Define overdose

A

The lethal or toxic dose of a substance

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6
Q

What six questions do you ask during SAMPLE if you suspect toxins are involved?

A 
What did you take
When did you take it
How much did you take
Did you eat or drink before or after
Have you taken an antidote
How much do you weigh
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7
Q

What are some clues that may be present at the scene and an indication of intoxication?

A 
overturned bottle
needle or syringe
scattered pills
chemicals
overturned or damaged plants
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8
Q

What are opioids?

A

CNS depressants designed for pain relief

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9
Q

What are opiates?

A

nonsynthetic opioids

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10
Q

What are some opioids?

A

Heroin, methadone, oxycodon

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11
Q

What are some opiates?

A

morphine, codeine

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12
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of someone who has taken opioids/opiates?

A

Hypoventilation or respiratory arrest
pin point pupils
sedation/coma
Hypotension

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13
Q

What is a narcotic and what class of drugs falls into this category?

A

Drugs that affect the behavior or mood, inducing sleepiness; opioids

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14
Q

What is the antidote for opioids?

A

Naloxon (brand name: narcan)

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15
Q

What are sympathomimetics?

A

Drugs that simulate the sympathetic response (fight or flight)

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16
Q

What are some examples of sympathomimetics?

A

Epinephrine, albuterol, cocaine, meth

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17
Q

What are some symptoms of sympathomimetic abuse?

A

Hypertension, tachycardia, dilated pupils, seizures/agitation, hyperthermia

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18
Q

What are some examples of sedative-hypnotic drugs?

A

Diazepam, secobarbital, flunitrazepam, midazolam

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19
Q

What are some symptoms of sedative-hypnotic drug use?

A

Slurred speech, sedation/coma, hypoventilation, hypotension

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20
Q

What are anticholinergics?

A

Drugs that block the parasympathetic nerves

21
Q

What are some examples of anticholinergics?

A

atropine, diphenylhydramine, doxylamine, jimsonweed

22
Q

What are symptoms of anticholinergic use?

A

Hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypertension, dilated pupils, dry skin, sedation/coma, decreased bowel sounds

23
Q

What are cholinergics?

A

Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic system

24
Q

What are some examples of cholinergics?

A

Organophosphate, nerve gas, pilocarpine

25
Q

What are symptoms of cholinergic use?

A 
SLUDGEM
Salivation/sweating
Lacrimation
Urination
Diarrhea, defecation, drooling
GI pain
Emesis
Muscle spasms/miosis
26
Q

What are the four ways for a poison to enter the body?

A

Inhaled, absorbed, ingested, injected

27
Q

What is the treatment for inhaled poisons?

A 
Move patient to fresh air
Give O2
Call HazMat
Remove clothing to release trapped gas
Prompt transport
28
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of inhaled poison?

A 
Burning eyes
Sore throat
Cough
Chest pain
Hoarseness
Wheezing/stridor
Respiratory distress
Dizziness/confusion/AMS
Seizures
29
Q

What are two toxic gases that people use to commit suicide?

A

Carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide

30
Q

How do you treat absorbed poisons?

A 
Remove contaminated clothing
Brush off powder
Then rinse with water for 15-20 minutes
Wash skin with soap and water
Irrigate eyes
Obtain MSDS sheet
31
Q

Signs and symptoms of absorbed poison?

A

Burn/rash/lesion
Itching
Liquid/powder on skin
Odors of the substance

32
Q

How do you treat ingested poisons?

A

Call medical and poison control
ABC
Altered charcoal
Prompt transport

33
Q

Signs and symptoms of ingested poisons?

A 
Burns around mouth
GI pain/vomiting
AMS
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Seizures
34
Q

How do you treat injected poisons?

A

Monitor airway and give O2
Remove jewelry from site of sting if swollen
Prompt transport
Bring all bottles/containers from scene

35
Q

What is the phone number for poison control?

A

1-800-222-1222

36
Q

What is the most common route for poisons?

A

Ingested (80%)

37
Q

What is DT?

A

Delerium Tremens, 1-7 days after a chronic drinker stops consuming alcohol, they will experience withdrawal-like symptoms

38
Q

What are the symptoms associated with DT?

A 
Agitation/restlessness
Fever
Sweating
Tremors
Confusion
Seizures
39
Q

What types of shock can result from DT?

A

Hypovolemic shock because of excessive sweating

40
Q

What class of drugs results in quick development of tolerance?

A

Opioids

41
Q

What is another words for bath salts?

A

Synthetic Cathinones

42
Q

What chemical do bath salts contain?

A

methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)

43
Q

What are brand names of synthetic cathinones?

A

Ivory Wave, Cloud Nine

44
Q

What are the desired effects of bath salts?

A

euphoria, heightened mental status, sexual arousal

45
Q

What are the adverse side effects of synthetic cathinones?

A

Teeth grinding, loss of appetite, muscle twitching, lip-smacking, confusion, GI pain, paranoia, headache, tachycardia, hallucinations

46
Q

What do hallucinogens do?

A

Alter sensory perceptions

47
Q

How do you know if someone on a hallucinogen is having a bad trip?

A

Tachycardia, hypertension, paranoia, anxiety

48
Q

The physiological effects of hallucinogens are similar to those of_____

A

Sympathomimetics

49
Q

Pesticide poisoning falls under the category of what drug?

A

Cholinergics (SLUDGEM)

first responder (16 decks)

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