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First Responder > Chapter 22-Psychiatric Emergencies > Flashcards

Chapter 22-Psychiatric Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the safety guidelines for responding to behavioral crises and psychiatric emergencies?

A 
Assess scene
Ensure you have means of communication
Locate exits
BSI
Identify yourself
Try to de-escalate patient's agitation 
Don't get too close to patient
Don't leave patient
Don't fight with patient
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2
Q

Define psychosis

A

A state of delusion in which the person is out of touch with reality

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3
Q

What are three causes of psychotic episodes?

A

Substances
Diseases
Stress

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4
Q

What factors influence schizophrenia?

A

Genetics, psychological and social influences

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5
Q

What are signs and symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

erratic speech, delusions, hallucinations, disinterest in pleasure

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6
Q

What is excited delirium?

A

A state of cognitive impairment involving hallucinations, disorientation, and delusions

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7
Q

What are the physical signs of excited delirium?

A

Hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, dilated pupils

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8
Q

What should you do when treating a patient in excited delirium?

A
  • Don’t touch the patient
  • Ask basic questions to gauge mental status
  • Take all bottles/containers if drugs suspected
  • Refrain from using sirens/bright lights
  • Consider calling ALS for chemical restraint
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9
Q

What can cause sudden death in patients experiencing excited delirium?

A 
Metabolic acidosis
Physical control measures (taser)
positional asphyxia (patient is restrained in a position that blocks their airway
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10
Q

How do you assess the potential violence of a patient?

A 
Scene (broken windows)
History (violence in past)
Position (tense, rigidity, etc.)
Vocal activity
Physical activity
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11
Q

Signs of suicidal intentions?

A 
Depression
Family history
Loss of loved one
Financial setback
Isolation
No eye contact
Self-harm
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12
Q

What is normal body temperature?

A

98 degrees F

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13
Q

What are the five ways in which heat can travel?

A 
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation
Respiration
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14
Q

Define conduction

A

Heat passing between objects via direct contact

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15
Q

Define convection

A

Heat transfer between an object and circulating air

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16
Q

Define radiation

A

Heat transferred by radiant energy

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17
Q

Define evaporation

A

Heat lost from an object when water evaporated from its surface

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18
Q

How is heat transferred during respiration?

A

Warm air leaves the lungs and cool air comes in

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19
Q

Heat loss can be modified in three ways:

A

Body increases or decreases heat production
Body is moved to an area that prevents or promotes heat loss
Appropriate clothing for conditions

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20
Q

Define drowning

A

The process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion in a fluid

21
Q

What are risk factors for drowning?

A

alcohol
age (infant or geriatric)
seizure disorders
unsupervised access to water

22
Q

When even a small amount of water is inhaled, what happens in the body?

A

Spam of the larynx and vocal chords (laryngospasms)

23
Q

What is the purpose of laryngospasms?

A

to prevent more water from entering the lungs

24
Q

What happens if laryngospasms hinder ventilation?

A

The patient becomes hypoxic and loses consciousness, at which point the laryngospasms stop

25
Q

In what situations should you associate drowning with spinal injury?

A
  • the patient dove or fell from a tall height
  • the patient is unconscious
  • patient reports numbness/weakness/paralysis
26
Q

How do you stabilize the c-spine of a drowning patient?

A 
Place in supine position
open airway and start ventilations
slide a buoyant backboard under patient
Secure head and trunk to backboard
remove patient from water
cover with blanket
begin CPR
27
Q

What are two mechanisms that the body has for ridding itself of excess heat?

A

Sweating and dilation of blood vessels in the skin

28
Q

What temperature is the body at to be considered hyperthermic?

A

101 degrees F

29
Q

What is a heat emergency?

A

when the body’s mechanisms for ridding itself of heat are overwhelmed

30
Q

What two things make heat emergencies worse?

A

Humidity (reduces efficiency of sweating) and warm air temperature (reduces heat loss by radiation, which is the purpose of dilating superficial blood vessels)

31
Q

What are the three types of heat emergencies?

A

Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke

32
Q

What is the most common heat emergency?

A

Heat exhaustion

33
Q

What are heat cramps?

A

Painful muscle spasms in the legs or abdominal muscles that occur after vigorous exercise due to electrolyte imbalance/loss or dehydration

34
Q

What is heat exhaustion?

A

a heat emergency caused by stress, fatigue, hypovolemia, and/or heat exposure

35
Q

What are the sign and symptoms of heat exhaustion?

A 
dizziness/fainting/weakness
onset with work
cold clammy skin
dry tongue and thirst
weak/rapid pulse
low BP
elevated body temp
36
Q

What is heat stroke?

A

A heat emergency in which the body temperature rises above the level at which tissue damage occurs, resulting in death

37
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke?

A 
Hot/dry/flushed skin
Body temp above 106
rapid/strong pulse at first but becomes weaker
late onset respiratory rate
AMS
sweating may have stopped
38
Q

How many people are killed by lightning each year in the states?

A

60-70

39
Q

How many volts are delivered by lightning?

A

100 million

40
Q

What is the temperature range associated with lightning?

A

20,000-60,000 degrees F

41
Q

Who are common victims of lightning strikes?

A

Golfers, boaters, and swimmers

42
Q

Lightning related deaths often result from _____

A

cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest

43
Q

Lightning injuries can be categorized as:

A

mild, moderate, severe

44
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of mild lightning injuries?

A

unconsciousness
amnesia
superficial burns (if any)
tingling

45
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of moderate lightning injuries?

A

Seizures
respiratory arrest
dysrhythmias
superficial burns

46
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of severe lightning injuries?

A

cardiopulmonary arrest

47
Q

What is the emergency medical care for lightning strike accidents?

A
  • Your safety (crouch and move away from tall objects)
  • Move patient to shelter
  • Reverse triage (cardiac arrest first)
  • Stabilize head
  • Open airway with jaw-thrust maneuver
  • BVM with 100% O2
  • CPR/AED
  • Control bleeding
  • Bandage burns en route
48
Q

Why is it important to stabilize the patient’s head following lightning strike?

A

The current causes muscle spasms which can cause fractures in long bones or the spine

First Responder (16 decks)

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