Chapter 34-Pediatrics

Question 1

Describe the pulse associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

Answer 1

normal, increased, above 160 bpm

Question 2

Describe level of activity associated with mild moderate, and severe dehydration

Answer 2

normal, slow, anywhere from weak to unresponsive

Question 3

Describe urination associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

Answer 3

Reduced, reduced, and none

Question 4

Describe the mouth associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

Answer 4

decreased saliva, dry mucous membranes, dry mucous membranes

Question 5

Describe the eyes associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

Answer 5

normal, no tears, sunken in

Question 6

Describe the skin associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

Answer 6

normal, cool/mottled/poor turgor, cool/mottled/poor turgor/clammy/slow CAP refill

Question 7

Describe blood pressure associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

Answer 7

normal, normal, normal to low

Question 8

Describe LOC associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

Answer 8

Normal, AMS, AMS lethargic

Question 9

Describe anterior fontanelle associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

Answer 9

normal, sunken, very sunken

Question 10

What happens during asthma?

Answer 10

The bronchioles swell and produce excess mucous

Question 11

What things trigger asthma attacks?

Answer 11

Respiratory infection, stress, exercise, and exposure to cold air or smoke

Question 12

What are the signs and symptoms of asthma?

Answer 12

Wheezing/no ventilation at all, cyanosis, tripod position

Question 13

How do you treat asthma?

Answer 13

Supplemental O2, MDI + spacer mask (if not already tried)

Question 14

A prolonged asthma attack can lead to _____

Answer 14

Status Asthamticus, the child may look like they’re getting better, but they’re actually exhausted and very critical

Question 15

What is pneumonia?

Answer 15

A secondary infection of the lungs (or injury of lungs by inhalation of chemicals or submersion)

Question 16

What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer 16

Rapid breathing, wheezing/grunting, hypotension, fever, and nasal flaring

Question 17

How do you treat pneumonia?

Answer 17

Supplemental O2, transport, monitor airway

Question 18

What is another term for croup?

Answer 18

laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 19

What is croup?

Answer 19

An infection (usually viral) of the airway below the vocal cords

Question 20

In what ages is croup most common?

Answer 20

6 months to 3 years

Question 21

What are early signs of croup?

Answer 21

Cold, cough and fever

Question 22

What are the signs and symptoms of croup?

Answer 22

Stridor and seal-bark cough (indicative of narrowing trachea)

Question 23

How do you treat croup?

Answer 23

Humidified O2, NOT bronchodiators

Question 24

What is another term for epiglottitis?

Answer 24

Supraglottitis

Question 25

What is epiglottitis?

Answer 25

Infection (usually bacterial) of the soft tissue above the vocal cords

Question 26

What are the signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?

Answer 26

Child looks very sick, sore throat, high fever, tripod position, and drooling

Question 27

When is the neonatal period?

Answer 27

The first month after birth

Question 28

What are typical behaviors of the neonatal period?

Answer 28

- About 16 hours of sleep per day - Responds mainly to physical stimuli - Should be easily roused from sleep - Should respond well to soothing talk - Should have sucking reflex - Susceptible to hypothermia due to poor thermoregulation

Question 29

What is meningitis?

Answer 29

Inflammation of the meinges, which covers the brain and spina cord

Question 30

What are the different causes of meningitis?

Answer 30

bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic

Question 31

Who is predisposed to meningitis?

Answer 31

Males Newborns Children with compromised immune systems Children with recent, brain, spine, or back surgery Children with head trauma Children with foreign objects in their brain or spine (especially a VP shunt)

Question 32

What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis?

Answer 32

``` Fever AMS Neck stiffness Apnea Bulging fontanelle Seizures ```

Question 33

What sets Neisseria meningitidis apart from other forms of meningitis?

Answer 33

It causes quick onset of symptoms Bacterial Identifiable by red pinpoint or broad purple/black rash

Question 34

How do you treat meningitis?

Answer 34

BSI!!!!! Supplemental O2 Monitor vitals Prompt transport

Question 35

What are causes of seizures

Answer 35

``` Fever Lack of O2 Abuse Medication Electrolyte imbalance Seizure disorder ``` ``` Hypoglycemia Infection Poisoning Head trauma Injection Drug abuse ```

Question 36

What questions do you include when taking a history for poisonings?

Answer 36

``` What substance(s) were involved? How much was ingested? When was it ingested? Any changes in LOC/behavior? Any choking or coughing? ```