Chapter 34-Pediatrics Flashcards
Describe the pulse associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration
normal, increased, above 160 bpm
Describe level of activity associated with mild moderate, and severe dehydration
normal, slow, anywhere from weak to unresponsive
Describe urination associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration
Reduced, reduced, and none
Describe the mouth associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration
decreased saliva, dry mucous membranes, dry mucous membranes
Describe the eyes associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration
normal, no tears, sunken in
Describe the skin associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration
normal, cool/mottled/poor turgor, cool/mottled/poor turgor/clammy/slow CAP refill
Describe blood pressure associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration
normal, normal, normal to low
Describe LOC associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration
Normal, AMS, AMS lethargic
Describe anterior fontanelle associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration
normal, sunken, very sunken
What happens during asthma?
The bronchioles swell and produce excess mucous
What things trigger asthma attacks?
Respiratory infection, stress, exercise, and exposure to cold air or smoke
What are the signs and symptoms of asthma?
Wheezing/no ventilation at all, cyanosis, tripod position
How do you treat asthma?
Supplemental O2, MDI + spacer mask (if not already tried)
A prolonged asthma attack can lead to _____
Status Asthamticus, the child may look like they’re getting better, but they’re actually exhausted and very critical
What is pneumonia?
A secondary infection of the lungs (or injury of lungs by inhalation of chemicals or submersion)
What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
Rapid breathing, wheezing/grunting, hypotension, fever, and nasal flaring
How do you treat pneumonia?
Supplemental O2, transport, monitor airway
What is another term for croup?
laryngotracheobronchitis
What is croup?
An infection (usually viral) of the airway below the vocal cords
In what ages is croup most common?
6 months to 3 years
What are early signs of croup?
Cold, cough and fever
What are the signs and symptoms of croup?
Stridor and seal-bark cough (indicative of narrowing trachea)
How do you treat croup?
Humidified O2, NOT bronchodiators
What is another term for epiglottitis?
Supraglottitis
What is epiglottitis?
Infection (usually bacterial) of the soft tissue above the vocal cords
What are the signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?
Child looks very sick, sore throat, high fever, tripod position, and drooling
When is the neonatal period?
The first month after birth
What are typical behaviors of the neonatal period?
- About 16 hours of sleep per day
- Responds mainly to physical stimuli
- Should be easily roused from sleep
- Should respond well to soothing talk
- Should have sucking reflex
- Susceptible to hypothermia due to poor thermoregulation
What is meningitis?
Inflammation of the meinges, which covers the brain and spina cord
What are the different causes of meningitis?
bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic
Who is predisposed to meningitis?
Males
Newborns
Children with compromised immune systems
Children with recent, brain, spine, or back surgery
Children with head trauma
Children with foreign objects in their brain or spine (especially a VP shunt)
What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis?
Fever AMS Neck stiffness Apnea Bulging fontanelle Seizures
What sets Neisseria meningitidis apart from other forms of meningitis?
It causes quick onset of symptoms
Bacterial
Identifiable by red pinpoint or broad purple/black rash
How do you treat meningitis?
BSI!!!!!
Supplemental O2
Monitor vitals
Prompt transport
What are causes of seizures
Fever Lack of O2 Abuse Medication Electrolyte imbalance Seizure disorder
Hypoglycemia Infection Poisoning Head trauma Injection Drug abuse
What questions do you include when taking a history for poisonings?
What substance(s) were involved? How much was ingested? When was it ingested? Any changes in LOC/behavior? Any choking or coughing?
