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First Responder > Chapter 34-Pediatrics > Flashcards

Chapter 34-Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the pulse associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

A

normal, increased, above 160 bpm

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2
Q

Describe level of activity associated with mild moderate, and severe dehydration

A

normal, slow, anywhere from weak to unresponsive

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3
Q

Describe urination associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

A

Reduced, reduced, and none

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4
Q

Describe the mouth associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

A

decreased saliva, dry mucous membranes, dry mucous membranes

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5
Q

Describe the eyes associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

A

normal, no tears, sunken in

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6
Q

Describe the skin associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

A

normal, cool/mottled/poor turgor, cool/mottled/poor turgor/clammy/slow CAP refill

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7
Q

Describe blood pressure associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

A

normal, normal, normal to low

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8
Q

Describe LOC associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

A

Normal, AMS, AMS lethargic

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9
Q

Describe anterior fontanelle associated with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

A

normal, sunken, very sunken

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10
Q

What happens during asthma?

A

The bronchioles swell and produce excess mucous

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11
Q

What things trigger asthma attacks?

A

Respiratory infection, stress, exercise, and exposure to cold air or smoke

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12
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of asthma?

A

Wheezing/no ventilation at all, cyanosis, tripod position

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13
Q

How do you treat asthma?

A

Supplemental O2, MDI + spacer mask (if not already tried)

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14
Q

A prolonged asthma attack can lead to _____

A

Status Asthamticus, the child may look like they’re getting better, but they’re actually exhausted and very critical

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15
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

A secondary infection of the lungs (or injury of lungs by inhalation of chemicals or submersion)

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16
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?

A

Rapid breathing, wheezing/grunting, hypotension, fever, and nasal flaring

17
Q

How do you treat pneumonia?

A

Supplemental O2, transport, monitor airway

18
Q

What is another term for croup?

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

19
Q

What is croup?

A

An infection (usually viral) of the airway below the vocal cords

20
Q

In what ages is croup most common?

A

6 months to 3 years

21
Q

What are early signs of croup?

A

Cold, cough and fever

22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of croup?

A

Stridor and seal-bark cough (indicative of narrowing trachea)

23
Q

How do you treat croup?

A

Humidified O2, NOT bronchodiators

24
Q

What is another term for epiglottitis?

A

Supraglottitis

25
Q

What is epiglottitis?

A

Infection (usually bacterial) of the soft tissue above the vocal cords

26
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?

A

Child looks very sick, sore throat, high fever, tripod position, and drooling

27
Q

When is the neonatal period?

A

The first month after birth

28
Q

What are typical behaviors of the neonatal period?

A
  • About 16 hours of sleep per day
  • Responds mainly to physical stimuli
  • Should be easily roused from sleep
  • Should respond well to soothing talk
  • Should have sucking reflex
  • Susceptible to hypothermia due to poor thermoregulation
29
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meinges, which covers the brain and spina cord

30
Q

What are the different causes of meningitis?

A

bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic

31
Q

Who is predisposed to meningitis?

A

Males
Newborns
Children with compromised immune systems
Children with recent, brain, spine, or back surgery
Children with head trauma
Children with foreign objects in their brain or spine (especially a VP shunt)

32
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis?

A 
Fever
AMS
Neck stiffness
Apnea
Bulging fontanelle
Seizures
33
Q

What sets Neisseria meningitidis apart from other forms of meningitis?

A

It causes quick onset of symptoms
Bacterial
Identifiable by red pinpoint or broad purple/black rash

34
Q

How do you treat meningitis?

A

BSI!!!!!
Supplemental O2
Monitor vitals
Prompt transport

35
Q

What are causes of seizures

A 
Fever
Lack of O2
Abuse
Medication
Electrolyte imbalance
Seizure disorder
Hypoglycemia
Infection
Poisoning
Head trauma
Injection
Drug abuse
36
Q

What questions do you include when taking a history for poisonings?

A 
What substance(s) were involved?
How much was ingested?
When was it ingested?
Any changes in LOC/behavior?
Any choking or coughing?

First Responder (16 decks)

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