Chapter 9: Parts of Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the Parts of the Respiratory System?

Answer 1

Nasal cavity and sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs

Question 2

What are the functions of the Nasal Cavity?

Answer 2

• Warms air (contact blood vessels)
• Moistens air (secretion in the epithelial tissues)
• Cleans air (trapping of the debris in the mucus and fine hairs)

Question 3

What are the functions of the Pharynx?

Answer 3

• Creates a tube common to respiratory and digestive systems.
• Top section of pharynx cleans the air.

Question 4

What are the 2 openings that branch from the Pharynx?

Answer 4

• Trachea (windpipe)

- Esophagus (carries or conveys food from the stomach)

Question 5

What are the functions of Epiglottis?

Answer 5

• Flap-like structure
• Protects opening of trachea when food is being consumed.
• It fastens opening leading into respiratory tract.

Question 6

What are the functions of the Larynx?

Answer 6

• Comprised of 2 thin sheets in elastic ligaments - vocal cords
• Sounds are made when cords vibrate as passes by them.
  Protected by thick band of cartilage: Adam’s apple
• Bigger voice box manufactures a deeper sound.
• Serious in inflammation: laryngitis (short term or long term)

Question 7

What are the functions of the trachea?

Answer 7

• Lined or ceiled with ciliated cells which manufacture mucus.
• Mucus traps or confines debris that escape hair filters in rascal passage.
• Wall of trachea is supported by cartilage rings which keeps the trachea open.

Question 8

What are the functions of Bronchi?

Answer 8

• The left and right bronchi have cartilage rings.

- They branch out in the lungs and become bronchioles.

Question 9

What are the functions of Bronchioles?

Answer 9

• Smooth muscles
• No cartilage
• Any closing of the bronchioles grow the resistance of air movement.
• Wheezing sound
• Air moves from bronchioles into the tiny-blind ended sacs: alveoli

Question 10

What are the functions of Alveoli?

Answer 10

• They have the biggest surface area.
• Miniature size and immense # of alveoli increase surface area.
• Each lung includes about 150 million alveoli, enough surface area to cover half a tennis court!
• Each alveolus is surrounded or encircled by capillaries.

Question 11

What are the functions of the Lungs?

Answer 11

• Included within plueral membrane.
• Isolate and lubricate lungs within throacic cavity.
• Decreases friction among the lungs and chest cavity during inhalation.
• Includes alveoli, bronchioles and bronchi
• Stretch from clavicle to diaphragm.

Question 12

What are the functions of the Diaphragm?

Answer 12

• Dome-shaped sheet of muscles.
• Splits chest cavity from abdominal cavity.
• Directs pressure in chest cavity.
• Diaphragm is helped by movement of ribs. Ribs are hinged to vertebral column, permitting them to move up and down. Band of muscles, the intercostal are located among the ribs, which raise and lowers ribs. l