Chapter 8: 8.1 & 8.2 Flashcards
What are the chemicals of life?
Carbohydrates, Vitamins & Minerals, Lipids, Nucleic Acids and Proteins
Things about Carbohydrates
- energy nutrients
- primary energy source of cells
- structural or fundamental material of plant cell walls
- they make up the biggest element in most diets, potatoes, bread, corn, rice, fruit include big quantities of carbohydrates.
- Humans shouldn’t eat excessive amounts of carbohydrates or else it will be stored as fats.
Things about Nucleic Acids
- they are the genetic material which directs cell activity.
- they are composed of sugar, phosphate, nitrogen bases
Things about Proteins
They are structural parts or elements of the cell.
They are composed of amino acids.
What are common sugars?
Glucose, fructose, sucrose
What are 3 common monosaccharides?
Galactose, glucose, fructose
What is dehydration synthesis?
The method by which bigger molecules are created by the removal of water from 2 smaller molecules.
What are disaccharides?
2 monosaccharides
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugars
What are polysaccharides?
Many monosaccharides
What is Glycogen?
When animals store carbohydrates in the creation of a polysaccharide.
It is also the form of carbohydrate storage in animals.
What are the 2 structural units for Lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is the contrast between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats are the fatty acids in animal fats.
Unsaturated fats are the fatty acids in most plants.
What is LDL?
They are low density lipoproteins which are “bad”
What is HDL?
They are high density lipoproteins which are “good”
