Chapter 9: 9.1 - Importance of an Oxygen Delivery System Flashcards
What is Earth’s Atmosphere Comprised of?
78%: Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
1%: Left over remaining gases - (argon, carbon dioxide, and others)
What is the energy released used for?
It is utilized to keep cell processes (e.g. growth, movement, creation or formation of new molecules)
What are the organs in the human respiratory system?
(nasal cavity and sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs
What are the functions of Nasal Cavity?
- Warms Air: (contacts blood vessels)
- Moistens Air: (with secretions of the epithelial tissue)
- Cleans Air: (By trapping or confining debris in the mucus and the fine hairs)
What are the functions of the Pharynx?
- They are nasal cavities open into an air-filled at the back of the mouth.
- Creates a tube common to respiratory and digestive systems.
- Top section of the pharynx cleans the air
What are the 2 openings that branch from the Pharynx?
Trachea - windpipe
Esophagus - carries or transports food to the stomach
What are the functions of the Epiglottis?
- It is a flap-like structure
- It covers the opening of the trachea or the glottis when food is being consumed (reflex action)
- seals the opening leading into respiratory tract.
What are the functions of the Larynx?
- It is a voice box
- Found at the upper end of the trachea
- Comprised of 2 thin sheets of elastic ligaments which create the vocal cords.
- Sounds are created when cords vibrate as air passes by them.
- Preserved by thick band of cartilage - Adam’s Apple
- Bigger voice box manufactures/produces a deeper sound.
- When a person’s voice decreases/lowers when the person has a cold it’s due to inflammation.
If the infection/virus becomes serious what could it cause?
Laryngitis (short term or long term)
What are the functions of the Trachea?
- Covered with ciliated cells that manufacture/produce mucus.
- Mucus traps/confines debris that escape hair filters in the nasal passage.
Which edifice will you find the cartilage rings?
Trachea
What is the function of the rings?
To keep the trachea open.
What are the functions of the Bronchi?
- Includes bands of cartilage
- They transport air into right and left lungs
What are the Bronchioles function?
- No cartilage
- They have smooth muscles
- Muscles in the walls of the bronchioles can reduce/decrease their diameter.
- Any closing of the bronchioles grows resistance of air movement.
- It can manufacture a wheezing sound.
What is called when air moves from the bronchioles are into tiny sacs?
Alveoli
Oxygen diffuses into what?
The Blood
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of what?
The Blood
What happens during the process of inhalation in the alveoli?
The alveoli are bulb-shaped
What happens during the process of exhalation in the alveoli?
The alveoli collapses.
What is the Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
- Some babies do not manufacture enough lipoprotein.
- They also have difficulties inhaling.
What are the functions of the Lungs?
- Encircled/surrounded by a thin membrane - plueral membrane cover/lines inner wall of chest cavity.
- Decreases friction among the lungs and chest cavity through inhalation.
What is Inspiration?
When the pressure inside the lungs is less or lower than that of the atmosphere.
What are the functions of Inspiration?
- Muscle diaphragm contracts.
- The volume of the chest cavity increases.
- The pressure in the lungs decreases.
- nerve stimulation - causes intercostal muscles to contract.
- Rib cage moves up and out.
What is Expiration?
When the pressure inside the lungs is greater than that of the atmosphere.
What are the functions of Expiration?
- No nerve stimulation.
- Volume of the chest cavity decreases.
- Pressure in the lungs increases.
- Diaphragm relaxes and goes back to its dome shape due to the force applied by the organ in the abdomen.
- Rib cage moves downward.
What about the functions of the Diaphragm?
- Dome-shaped sheet of muscles.
- Distinct chest cavity from abdominal cavity.
- Directs pressure in the chest cavity.
During inhalation does muscles contract or relax?
Muscles contract
During exhalation does muscles contract or relax?
Muscles relax
Concentration of gases inhaled?
Nitrogen: 78%
Oxygen: 21%
Carbon Dioxide: 0.04%
Concentration of gases exhaled?
Nitrogen: 78%
Oxygen: 16%
Carbon Dioxide: 5%
Which structure or shape has the biggest surface area/?
The Alveoli
Which structure or shape cause problems in asthma?
Bronchioles
What are the muscles of breathing?
Inspiration and Expiration
