Chapter 9: 9.1 - Importance of an Oxygen Delivery System

Question 1

What is Earth’s Atmosphere Comprised of?

Answer 1

78%: Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
1%: Left over remaining gases - (argon, carbon dioxide, and others)

Question 2

What is the energy released used for?

Answer 2

It is utilized to keep cell processes (e.g. growth, movement, creation or formation of new molecules)

Question 3

What are the organs in the human respiratory system?

Answer 3

(nasal cavity and sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs

Question 4

What are the functions of Nasal Cavity?

Answer 4

• Warms Air: (contacts blood vessels)
• Moistens Air: (with secretions of the epithelial tissue)
• Cleans Air: (By trapping or confining debris in the mucus and the fine hairs)

Question 5

What are the functions of the Pharynx?

Answer 5

• They are nasal cavities open into an air-filled at the back of the mouth.
• Creates a tube common to respiratory and digestive systems.
• Top section of the pharynx cleans the air

Question 6

What are the 2 openings that branch from the Pharynx?

Answer 6

Trachea - windpipe

Esophagus - carries or transports food to the stomach

Question 7

What are the functions of the Epiglottis?

Answer 7

• It is a flap-like structure
• It covers the opening of the trachea or the glottis when food is being consumed (reflex action)
• seals the opening leading into respiratory tract.

Question 8

What are the functions of the Larynx?

Answer 8

• It is a voice box
• Found at the upper end of the trachea
• Comprised of 2 thin sheets of elastic ligaments which create the vocal cords.
• Sounds are created when cords vibrate as air passes by them.
• Preserved by thick band of cartilage - Adam’s Apple
• Bigger voice box manufactures/produces a deeper sound.
• When a person’s voice decreases/lowers when the person has a cold it’s due to inflammation.

Question 9

If the infection/virus becomes serious what could it cause?

Answer 9

Laryngitis (short term or long term)

Question 10

What are the functions of the Trachea?

Answer 10

• Covered with ciliated cells that manufacture/produce mucus.
• Mucus traps/confines debris that escape hair filters in the nasal passage.

Question 11

Which edifice will you find the cartilage rings?

Answer 11

Trachea

Question 12

What is the function of the rings?

Answer 12

To keep the trachea open.

Question 13

What are the functions of the Bronchi?

Answer 13

• Includes bands of cartilage

- They transport air into right and left lungs

Question 14

What are the Bronchioles function?

Answer 14

• No cartilage
• They have smooth muscles
• Muscles in the walls of the bronchioles can reduce/decrease their diameter.
• Any closing of the bronchioles grows resistance of air movement.
• It can manufacture a wheezing sound.

Question 15

What is called when air moves from the bronchioles are into tiny sacs?

Answer 15

Alveoli

Question 16

Oxygen diffuses into what?

Answer 16

The Blood

Question 17

Carbon dioxide diffuses out of what?

Answer 17

The Blood

Question 18

What happens during the process of inhalation in the alveoli?

Answer 18

The alveoli are bulb-shaped

Question 19

What happens during the process of exhalation in the alveoli?

Answer 19

The alveoli collapses.

Question 20

What is the Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

Answer 20

• Some babies do not manufacture enough lipoprotein.

- They also have difficulties inhaling.

Question 21

What are the functions of the Lungs?

Answer 21

• Encircled/surrounded by a thin membrane - plueral membrane cover/lines inner wall of chest cavity.
• Decreases friction among the lungs and chest cavity through inhalation.

Question 22

What is Inspiration?

Answer 22

When the pressure inside the lungs is less or lower than that of the atmosphere.

Question 23

What are the functions of Inspiration?

Answer 23

• Muscle diaphragm contracts.
• The volume of the chest cavity increases.
• The pressure in the lungs decreases.
• nerve stimulation - causes intercostal muscles to contract.
• Rib cage moves up and out.

Question 24

What is Expiration?

Answer 24

When the pressure inside the lungs is greater than that of the atmosphere.

Question 25

What are the functions of Expiration?

Answer 25

• No nerve stimulation.
• Volume of the chest cavity decreases.
• Pressure in the lungs increases.
• Diaphragm relaxes and goes back to its dome shape due to the force applied by the organ in the abdomen.
• Rib cage moves downward.

Question 26

What about the functions of the Diaphragm?

Answer 26

• Dome-shaped sheet of muscles.
• Distinct chest cavity from abdominal cavity.
• Directs pressure in the chest cavity.

Question 27

During inhalation does muscles contract or relax?

Answer 27

Muscles contract

Question 28

During exhalation does muscles contract or relax?

Answer 28

Muscles relax

Question 29

Concentration of gases inhaled?

Answer 29

Nitrogen: 78%
Oxygen: 21%
Carbon Dioxide: 0.04%

Question 30

Concentration of gases exhaled?

Answer 30

Nitrogen: 78%
Oxygen: 16%
Carbon Dioxide: 5%

Question 31

Which structure or shape has the biggest surface area/?

Answer 31

The Alveoli

Question 32

Which structure or shape cause problems in asthma?

Answer 32

Bronchioles

Question 33

What are the muscles of breathing?

Answer 33

Inspiration and Expiration