Chapter 9: Participles

Question 1

Egyptian participles

Answer 1

Adjective or noun forms of a verb, rendered in English normally as a gerund or direct adjective clause

Question 2

Different Participial forms

Answer 2

Non-adjective verb participles can be arranged in five different forms, all reflecting different combos of aspect, tense, voice, gender, and number

These are the imperfect active and passive, the perfective active and passive, and the prospective

Question 3

Imperfective participles

Answer 3

These are marked for imperfect aspect (ongoing action) and indicative mood

No marking for tense, but cannot be future

Question 4

Morphology of the Imperfective participle

Answer 4

All final weak and geminate verbs geminate

All strong verbs use the base stem (aside from normal gender and number markers)

Question 5

Anomalous verbs as imperfective Participles

Answer 5

rdi -> d(i)d(i), dd (written with the double arm or bread loaf)

iw/ii -> iwy

Question 6

Imperfective active participles

Answer 6

Possessed a weak -y ending (written with either the double reed leaf or dual strokes)

This is a weak ending that never occurs with feminine participles

Question 7

Imperfective passive participles

Answer 7

Weak -w ending for masculine singular participles

Question 8

Perfective participles

Answer 8

Unmarked for aspect (can be either perfect or imperfect), unmarked for mood (indicative or subjunctive)

Question 9

Perfective Participle morphology

Answer 9

Base, un-geminated stem for all verb classes

Question 10

Perfective passive participle

Answer 10

Weak -y ending with all verb classes, but only in the masculine singular

Strong verbs with a masculine singular participle can also take a weak -w ending

Question 10

Anomalous roots as Perfective participles

Answer 10

rdi -> rdi or di
iw/ii -> ii/iy

Question 10

Perfective active participle

Answer 10

No special endings

Question 11

Prospective Participle

Answer 11

Marked for future tense and indicative mood

Question 12

Prospective participle markers

Answer 12

Distinctive -t(i) ending with unique system of gender agreement:

M. S. -> .f(i)
F. S. -> .s(i)
Pl. -> .sn

Question 13

Prospective Participle morphology

Answer 13

Base root for strong, weak, and anomalous

Geminate for geminate roots

Add -t(i) marker and gender/number marker

ex: sDmti.fi, “one who will hear”

Question 14

Negation of participles

Answer 14

Negated with the negative verb “tm”

tm will appear as the relevant participial form with a negatival complement

Question 15

Orthographic peculiarities with the gemination of iri

Answer 15

The 3rd weak root verb ir(i), “to do” has an odd form of gemination

The normal writing of the ir eye with an r mouth can represent either a base or geminate form

It is only ever really clear if it is just the eye that is written (base), or is the eye is writte with two rs (geminate)

Question 16

Irregular gemination of the perfective passive participle

Answer 16

Strong 2-lit. roots can sometimes geminate in the perfective passive

Question 17

Participial Statements

Answer 17

Emphatic AB sentence

in + A + B (participle)

Passive participles are never used in these constructions

Question 18

Adjective predicates from action verbs

Answer 18

Participles could also be used as the predicate in adjectival predicates

These will always use perfective participles, in the masculine singular, and if they have a pronoun subject it will be dependent

Question 18

Indirect object constructions with the passive voice

Answer 18

Passive participles can occassionally take a co-referent when they describe the agent of the action described

Question 19

Aspect and tense conversion with wnn