Chapter 10: The Subjunctive sDm=f

Question 1

Subjunctive mood

Answer 1

Conveys contingent (if…then), possible (might…), or desirable action

Question 2

Subjunctive with a weak future tense

Answer 2

The subjunctive can convey a sense of a weak future tense in contrast to a strong future with indicative mood

Question 3

Subjunctive pronouns

Answer 3

Always takes suffixes as the subject and dependent as the object

Question 4

Basic verbal syntax

Answer 4

Verb - subject - object - adverb

Question 5

Number of Middle Egyptian verbal forms

Answer 5

6 bi-partite sDm=f forms

5 tri-partite suffix conjugation forms

Question 6

Rules of Middle Egyptian Verbal Syntax

Answer 6

1. Only proclitic particles and topicalized subjects can precede the verb
2. Apart from the verb, nothing supercedes the suffix pronoun subject
3. Dependent pronoun objects will supercede noun subjects
4. Dative particle with a pronominal object will supercede everything except for the verb and it’s suffix subject

Question 7

Subjunctive morphology

Answer 7

Base stem for all root classes

Rare exception with gemination in the 2nd and 3rd weak root classes

Weak roots may sometimes have -y as their final consonant

Question 8

Anomalous verbs in the subjunctive

Answer 8

Rdi -> Always di
iw/ii -> iw(t)

Question 9

Meaning of the subjunctive

Answer 9

Depends on context

Most often in main clauses it representes desirable action

It can be contingent action when in a protasis-apodosis complex or when introduced by certain particles

Possibility is expressed most often in adverb clauses of purposes and main clauses with a weak future

Question 10

Subjunctive with adjective verbs

Answer 10

Adjective verbs can be put into the subjunctive to convey the sense of becoming the adjective

Question 11

Passive Subjunctive

Answer 11

Subjunctives can take the impersonal =t(w) suffix to become passive

Question 12

Subjunctive particles

Answer 12

NEVER OCCURS WITH IW

Can appear with m=k, xr, and HA

Most commonly is seen with ix and kA

Question 13

Clause of future consequence or result

Answer 13

The particles ix and kA can occur with the subjunctive to create a clause of future conseuqence or result, rendered in English as “Then…”

kA convey simple future, ix conveys subjunctive future desire

xr can be used similarly, but with a sense of inevitability or necessity

Question 14

Protasis-apodosis complex

Answer 14

ir + subjunctive + weak future subjunctive/adverbial predicate with the preposition “r”/imperative

“If…then…”

Question 15

Subjunctive in an adverb clause

Answer 15

Subjunctives occur commonly in unmarked adverb clauses

Conveys a sense of purpose

“…so that…”

Question 16

Subjunctive in a noun clause

Answer 16

Occurs often in unmarked noun clauses, typically as the object of a preceding transitive verb

Question 17

Subjunctive in an adjective clause

Answer 17

The subjunctive does not really occur in adjective clauses

The perfective relative form was preferred

Question 18

Negations of the subjunctive

Answer 18

Though it is impossible to tell the difference between the uses of the subjunctive in an affirmative sentence, the subjunctive possessed three seperate negations for each of its uses

Question 19

Negation of subjunctive main clause

Answer 19

im + subject + negatival subjunctive

ex: im=f sDm, “Let him not hear”

Question 20

Negation of subjunctive main clause conveying weak future

Answer 20

nn + subjunctive + subject

ex: nn sDm=f, “He will not hear”

Question 21

Negation of subjunctive in a subordinate clause

Answer 21

tm + subject + negatival complement