Chapter 2: Nouns and Pronouns

Question 1

Proclitic particle vs enclitic particle

Answer 1

Proclitic particles can begin a sentence; enclitic particles do not

Question 2

Masculine Noun Endings

Answer 2

Singular = –
Dual = .wy
Plural = .w

Question 3

Feminine Noun Endings

Answer 3

Singular = .t
Dual = .ty
Plural = .wt

Question 4

Noun Apposition

Answer 4

Two nouns in sequence can be in apposition, meaning the words refer to the same object

Question 5

Noun Coordination

Answer 5

Two nouns in sequence can be in coordination (noun + and + noun). This can also be done with the prepositions Hna and Hr

Question 6

Noun disjunction

Answer 6

Two nouns in sequence can be in disjunction (or). Rarely, r-pw could be used in a similar manner to show disjunction

Question 7

Direct Genitive

Answer 7

Two nouns in sequence can be in a direct genitive, where the first noun belongs to the second noun

Question 8

Indirect Genitive

Answer 8

Noun + n + noun

The first noun belongs to the second noun. The genitival adjective “n” must agree in gender and number with the possessed

Question 9

Honorific Transposition

Answer 9

Certain words related to gods or the king may have a unique word order where the honored word will come first but grammatically it is understood to follow

Question 10

Independent Pronouns

Answer 10

1s. ink
2ms. ntk
2fs. ntt
3ms. ntf
3fs. nts
1pl. inn
2pl. nttn
3pl. ntsn

Question 11

Dependent Pronouns

Answer 11

1s. wi
2ms. T/tw
2fs. T/tn
3ms. sw
3fs. si
1pl. n
2pl. tn
3pl. sn

Neutral. st

Question 12

Suffix pronouns

Answer 12

1s. =i
2ms. =k
2fs. =t
3ms. =f
3fs. =s
1pl. =n
2pl. =tn
3pl. =sn

Question 13

Demonstratives

Answer 13

Ms. Fs. Neutral (Pl.)
pwy twy nwy
pA tA nA
pn tn nn
pf(A) tf(A) nf(A)

Question 14

Demonstrative Syntax

Answer 14

-n and -wy series follow their noun
The singular -A series precedes the noun
-f(A) series can precede or follow noun
Neutral demonstratives linked to a plural verb will always precede the word and be linked through an indirect genitive

Question 15

Analytical Pronominal Possession

Answer 15

Post 12th Dynasty form of possession using the -A series demonstratives
The demonstrative agrees in gender and number with the possessed object, but the demonstrative has a suffix pronoun which is the possessor

ex: pAy=s rmn, “her side”

When the possessed object is plural, the demonstrative is joined through an indirect genitive

ex: nAy=k n spr.wt “your petitions”

Question 16

r-pw

Answer 16

Prepositional phrase (r+the demonstrative pw) meaning “with respect to that”

This can mark disjunction in a noun phrase and will appear as the last word in the sentence

Question 17

Paternal filiation

Answer 17

A special form of honorific transposition from the Middle Kingdom where a father’s name will be written first in a genitive relationship

Question 18

Dependent Pronoun st

Answer 18

Unmarked for gender and number and can be used for antecedents whose gender is unknown or irrelevant

It is commonly reserved for inanimate things

Question 19

Pronominal use of demonstratives

Answer 19

The -f(A) series was used for distant things (“that/those”), while the -n series was used for close things (“this”)

All demonstratives could be used as a freestanding pronoun, but the -n series was preferred.

Question 20

Vocative Use of Demonstrative Pronouns

Answer 20

Demonstratives could mark a vocative when following the name of an individual being addresed