Chapter 7: Verbs I

Question 1

Define Transitive Verb

Answer 1

A verb that can transfer its action to an object

Question 2

Define verb of incomplete predication

Answer 2

A transitive verb that must have an object

Question 3

Define reflexive verb

Answer 3

A transitive verb where the object refers to the same grammatical person as the subject

Question 4

Define intransitive verb

Answer 4

A verb that cannot transfer their action of an object

Question 5

Define verb tense

Answer 5

This is the time when a verb’s action occurs

Question 6

Define verbal aspect

Answer 6

This refers to a verb’s action as being complete (perfect) or incomplete (imperfect)

Question 7

Define verbal durativity

Answer 7

Similar to imperfect aspect, durativity is the notion of repeating or habitual action

Question 8

Define verbal mood

Answer 8

Refers to the subject’s attitude towards the action, indicative or subjunctive

Question 9

Define verbal voice

Answer 9

Active or passive; the verb performs the action or has the action performed on it

Question 10

Strong verbal root

Answer 10

All consonants are strong and they generally do not change for different constructions; rarely geminate

Question 11

Final weak roots

Answer 11

Ends in the final weak consonant -i or -w

Sometimes these geminate in the second to last (strong) consonant

ex: iri -> irr

Question 12

Geminate roots

Answer 12

The two final roots are the same

Can appear in geminate or base form, with the geminate form appearing more frequently than other root classes

Question 13

S-causitives

Answer 13

An intial s: consonant added to the beginning of a strong, weak, or geminate root

Gives the verb a causitive sense

Question 14

Anomalous roots

Answer 14

rdi/di and iw/ii

These two extremely common final weak verbs that have idiosyncratic morphologies

Question 15

The Egyptian infinitive

Answer 15

Base form of the verb

Overlaps in meaning with the English infinitive and gerund

Nominal form of the verb, so can be used in any way a noun can be

Unlike other nouns, can be used with a subject or agent, could be used with an object receiving the action, could be modified by adverbial elements

Question 16

Morphology of the infinitive

Answer 16

Strong roots: Base stem
Weak roots: Final weak .t
Geminate roots: Base or geminate

Question 17

Grammatical use of the infinitive

Answer 17

The infinitive is a nominal form of the verb, and therefore can be a subject, object, or possessor/possessed

Question 18

Infinitive Syntax Patterns

Answer 18

Pattern 0: Verb
Pattern 1: Verb-subject/object
Pattern 2: Verb-subject-object
Pattern 3: Verb-object-subject
(this was when the subject was a noun and the object was a pronoun)
Pattern 4: Verb-(object)-agent

Question 19

Infinitive in captions and headings

Answer 19

The infinitive is common in captions and headings describing the action in a scene and should be translated as a gerund

Question 20

The infinitive in narration

Answer 20

ex: sDm pw ir.n=f, “what he did next was listen”

A special narrative construction utilizing the infinitive in an A pw B with a relative form

Question 21

The passive infinitive in narration

Answer 21

sDm pw iry

Question 22

Narrative infinitive

Answer 22

An infinitive with a suffix at the beginning of a new sentence

Translated as a finite verb in the simple past

Occurs in narration when a break in the story occurs or a new episode is beginning

Question 23

The “how to” infinitive

Answer 23

When the infinitive is the object of a verb of perception or knowing, it conveys the sense of knowing how to perform that action

ex: iw=f rx Tz tp Hsq, “He knows how to attach a severed head”

Question 24

r+infinitive

Answer 24

Conveys purpose; “in order to (verb)”

Question 25

m+infinitive

Answer 25

Conveys ongoing action/imperfect aspect simultaneous action to the governing clause; translate as “as” or “while” verbing

Common with intransitive verbs

ex: nfa.n=i wi m nftft, “I removed myself while leaping”

Question 26

Hr+infinitive

Answer 26

Similar to m+infinitive and conveys imperfect aspect simultaneous to governing clause

Common with both transitive and intransitive verbs

Question 27

Negation of the infinitive

Answer 27

nn+verb

occurs commonly in unmarked adverb clauses meaning “without (verbing)”

Note: This negates a verbs existence, not its action

Question 28

Negation of possession

Answer 28

The negative relative adjective jwti negates the existence of a possessed infinitive in a marked indirect adjective clause

Question 29

Negation of action

Answer 29

tm+negatival complement

The negatival complement is the stem with a weak -w ending

Question 30

Verbal nouns