Chapter 9 Part 2 Flashcards
Emotion
Mental state of positive or negative feelings (affect)
Motivation & Emotion
Closely linked,
Sates of arousal, Trigger patterns of action (e.g. Fight-or-flight response)
Positive emotion
broaden thinking (exploration & skill
learning)
Negative emotion
narrow attention (increase physiological activation)
Nature of Emotion
Four Features:
Responses to eliciting stimuli
Results of Cognitive Appraisal
Physiological response
Include behavioral tendencies
Eliciting Stimuli
Internal or external
- Influence of innate (biological) factors
Cognitive Appraisal
Interpretation and evaluation of sensory stimuli -
Physiological Response
Interactions between cortical and subcortical areas
Subcortical
Removing or stimulating areas produce different reaction,hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus
Cortical
Cerebral cortex
- Prefrontal cortex involved in regulating emotion
Hemispheric Activation
Evidence of left hemisphere activation for positive emotions
Evidence of right hemisphere activation for negative emotions
Autonomic Responses
Involuntary (automatic) physiological response, e.g., faster heartbeat, perspiration
Idea behind polygraph or lie detector
Rationale – lying increase anxiety leading to physiological responses, e.g., increased heart rate
- High rate of false positive
Behavior Tendencies
Directly observable
Expressive behavior
observable display of emotion, example- surprise, crying
Instrumental behavior
ways of responding to the emotion arousing stimulus, example- running away from danger
Empathy
others’ emotional display evoking similar emotional responses in us
Emotional expression
product of evolution to contribute in species survival
- humans & animals similar in basic emotion expression, e.g., baring teeth while angry
Fundamental Emotional Pattern
Innate
- certain emotions (e.g., rage, terror) similar across culture
- children with congenital blindness express basic emotions the same way as the sighted children
Facial expression
- Judging emotion done best in context of situation
- General agreement across culture
- Women generally more accurate
Cultural display rules
norms for emotional expression within a given culture
- dictate when and how particular emotions are to be expressed.
- innate biological factors and cultural together shape emotional expression
James-Lange Somatic Theory
Body informs mind,
Physiological reactions determine emotions
Cannon-Bard Theory
Cognition is involved
Cognition and arousal independent of each other (i.e., each being independent response to
stimulation from thalamus)
Lazarus
cognitive appraisal + arousal
All emotional response require appraisal (being aware or not)
Schachter’s two-factor theory of emotion
Physiological arousal + cognitive labelling based on situational cues determine emotion
Physiological arousal = how ‘strongly’ we feel
Labelling/situational cues = ‘what’ we feel
