Chapter 9 Part 2

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

Mental state of positive or negative feelings (affect)

Question 2

Motivation & Emotion

Answer 2

Closely linked,
Sates of arousal, Trigger patterns of action (e.g. Fight-or-flight response)

Question 3

Positive emotion

Answer 3

broaden thinking (exploration & skill
learning)

Question 4

Negative emotion

Answer 4

narrow attention (increase physiological activation)

Question 5

Nature of Emotion

Answer 5

Four Features:
 Responses to eliciting stimuli
 Results of Cognitive Appraisal
 Physiological response
 Include behavioral tendencies

Question 6

Eliciting Stimuli

Answer 6

Internal or external
- Influence of innate (biological) factors

Question 7

Cognitive Appraisal

Answer 7

Interpretation and evaluation of sensory stimuli -

Question 8

Physiological Response

Answer 8

Interactions between cortical and subcortical areas

Question 9

Subcortical

Answer 9

Removing or stimulating areas produce different reaction,hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

Question 10

Cortical

Answer 10

Cerebral cortex
- Prefrontal cortex involved in regulating emotion

Question 11

Hemispheric Activation

Answer 11

Evidence of left hemisphere activation for positive emotions
Evidence of right hemisphere activation for negative emotions

Question 12

Autonomic Responses

Answer 12

Involuntary (automatic) physiological response, e.g., faster heartbeat, perspiration

Idea behind polygraph or lie detector

Rationale – lying increase anxiety leading to physiological responses, e.g., increased heart rate
- High rate of false positive

Question 13

Behavior Tendencies

Answer 13

Directly observable

Question 14

Expressive behavior

Answer 14

observable display of emotion, example- surprise, crying

Question 15

Instrumental behavior

Answer 15

ways of responding to the emotion arousing stimulus, example- running away from danger

Question 16

Empathy

Answer 16

others’ emotional display evoking similar emotional responses in us

Question 17

Emotional expression

Answer 17

product of evolution to contribute in species survival
- humans & animals similar in basic emotion expression, e.g., baring teeth while angry

Question 18

Fundamental Emotional Pattern

Answer 18

Innate
- certain emotions (e.g., rage, terror) similar across culture
- children with congenital blindness express basic emotions the same way as the sighted children

Question 19

Facial expression

Answer 19

• Judging emotion done best in context of situation
• General agreement across culture
• Women generally more accurate

Question 20

Cultural display rules

Answer 20

norms for emotional expression within a given culture
- dictate when and how particular emotions are to be expressed.
- innate biological factors and cultural together shape emotional expression

Question 21

James-Lange Somatic Theory

Answer 21

Body informs mind,
Physiological reactions determine emotions

Question 22

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 22

Cognition is involved
Cognition and arousal independent of each other (i.e., each being independent response to
stimulation from thalamus)

Question 23

Lazarus

Answer 23

cognitive appraisal + arousal
All emotional response require appraisal (being aware or not)

Question 24

Schachter’s two-factor theory of emotion

Answer 24

Physiological arousal + cognitive labelling based on situational cues determine emotion

Physiological arousal = how ‘strongly’ we feel
Labelling/situational cues = ‘what’ we feel