Chapter 1

Question 1

Basic Research

Answer 1

seeking knowledge for the sake of knowledge

Question 2

Applied Research

Answer 2

trying to answer a specific question

Question 3

Science

Answer 3

Systemic gathering and evaluation of empirical evidence

Question 4

Systemic

Answer 4

Performed according to a set of rules or conditions

Question 5

Empirical

Answer 5

Evidence gained through experience and observation

Question 6

Mind-Body Dualism

Answer 6

Belief that the mind is a spiritual entity that is not governed by the same rules as the physical body

Question 7

Rene Descartes

Answer 7

says the mind and body interact via the pineal gland

Question 8

Dualism

Answer 8

Belief that no amount of studying the physical body can provide information about the physical mind

Question 9

Monism

Answer 9

Belief that the mind and body are one

Question 10

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 10

Mental events are a product of physical events

Question 11

Empiricism

Answer 11

All Ideas and knowledge are gained empirically through the senses

Question 12

John Locke

Answer 12

says Philosophy should focus on the capabilities and extent of the human mind

Question 13

Physiology

Answer 13

an area of biology that examines bodily functioning

Question 14

Charles Darwin

Answer 14

says Humans are not special

Question 15

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 15

Established the first experimental psychology lab in Uni of Leipzig, Germany

Question 16

Introspection

Answer 16

Structural, Look into yourself to try and understand

Question 17

Psychodynamic perspective

Answer 17

Searches of causes of behaviour within our personality, Emphasizes the role of unconscious processes

Question 18

Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis

Answer 18

Investigation of internal and mostly unconscious psychological forces

Question 19

Behavioural Perspective

Answer 19

Focuses on role of external environment factors in determining behavior

Question 20

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 20

says Learning can occur when events are associated with each other

Question 21

Edward Thorndike

Answer 21

the Law of effect

Question 22

Behaviourism

Answer 22

Emphasizes environmental control of behavior through learning

Question 23

John B Watson

Answer 23

Opposed mentalism from earlier schools

Question 24

B.F Skinner

Answer 24

says “No account of what is happening inside the human body no matter how complete will explain the origins of human behavior”

Question 25

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 25

Emphasizes free will, personal growth and attempting to find meaning in life

Question 26

Abraham Maslow

Answer 26

'Self actualization' as a driving force

Question 27

Positive psychology movement

Answer 27

Emphasizes the study of human strengths fulfillment, and optimal living

Question 28

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 28

Looks at the nature of the mind and how it mental processes influence behaviour

Question 29

Gestalt psychology

Answer 29

Looks at how the mind organizes elements of experience into an unified or whole perception "the whole is greater than the sum of parts"

Question 30

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 30

Focuses on the study of Mental processes

Question 31

Mental Processes

Answer 31

study of reasoning, decision making, problem solving, perceptions and production and understanding of language

Question 32

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 32

looks at how the social environment and cultural learning influences our behaviours and thoughts + feelings

Question 33

Social

Answer 33

how the presence of other people influences your behaviour thoughts and feelings

Question 34

Culture

Answer 34

Values, Beliefs, Traditions passed onwards

Question 35

Cultural Psychology

Answer 35

Looks at transmission of culture, psychological similarities and differences among people from diverse cultures

Question 36

Biological Perspective

Answer 36

how the the brain and other bodily functions regulate behaviour

Question 37

Behaviour Genetics

Answer 37

The study of how behavioural tendencies are influenced by genetic factors

Question 38

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 38

tries to explain how evolution shaped modern human behaviour -> Natural Selection

Question 39

Clinical Psychology

Answer 39

Study and treatment of psych disorders

Question 40

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 40

Study of mental processes, eg attention, memory, consciousness etc

Question 41

Biopsychology/neuroscience

Answer 41

Focuses on the biological unpinning of behavior

Question 42

Development Psychology

Answer 42

Examines Physical, psychological and social development across the lifespan

Question 43

Experimental Psychology

Answer 43

Focuses on basic processes like learning sensory systems perception motivational states etc

Question 44

Industrial Organization (I/O) Psych

Answer 44

Peoples behaviour in a workplace

Question 45

Personality Psych

Answer 45

focuses on the study of personality

Question 46

Social Psych

Answer 46

Examines thoughts and feelings in the social world

Question 47

Comparative Psych

Answer 47

Study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals

Question 48

Functionalism

Answer 48

Study of function of consciousness not structure

Question 49

Willam James

Answer 49

Helped widen the scope of psychology to biological and mental processes, and overt behaviour

Question 50

Structuralism

Answer 50

Study the mind in terms of its basic elements