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Psych 104 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Neuron

A

Specialized cells that make up the nervous system into neural networks

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2
Q

Cell body (soma)

A

Main part of Neuron, Structures that keep cell alive (Nucleus)

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3
Q

Dendrites

A

Main part of Neuron, Branches from cell body, receives signals

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4
Q

Axon

A

Main part of Neuron, Conducts electrical impulses away from the soma

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5
Q

2 Basic functions of Neurons

A
  1. Generate electricity to create nerve impluses
  2. Release chemicals to communicated with other cells
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6
Q

Neural Impulses 1st Step “Resting Potential”

A

The cell is at rest with electrical resting potential (-70mV)

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7
Q

Neural Impulses 2nd step “Action Potential”

A

Cell is stimulated and electrical charges (ions) flow across cell membrane (depolarization)

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8
Q

Neural Impulses 3rd step “Restore Resting Potential”

A

Restore distribution of ions, cell at rest again, Potassium channels now open

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9
Q

The All-or-None law

A

Action potentials occur at a uniform and maximal intensity or, they do not occur at all.

Note: Stronger signals do not cause stronger action potentials, instead they create more

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10
Q

Myelin sheath

A

A fatty insulation layer derived from glial cells, insulates neurons

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11
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

places where myelin is either thin or absent, allows conduction to skip ahead

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12
Q

Glial Cells

A

Holds in place
Make + move more nutrients
Form the Meylin Sheath
Remove toxins (blood-brain barrier)

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13
Q

Synapses

A

functional connections between neurons and their target

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14
Q

Neurotransmitters basic functions

A
  1. Generate electricity to create nerve impulses
  2. Release Chemicals to communicate with other cells.
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15
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical substances that carry messages across the synapse to either excite other neurons or inhibit their firing

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16
Q

5 Stages of Chemical Communication

A

Synthesis - Make them in the neuron
Storage - held in synaptic vesicles
Release - into synaptic space
Binding - attach to receptor sites
Deactivation - stop the neurotransmitter signals

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17
Q

Excitatory transmitter

A

Decrease resting potential of post-synaptic neuron, may even fire; depolarization

18
Q

Inhibitory transmitter

A

Increase resting potential of post synaptic neuron; hyperpolarization

19
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory, Expressed in whole brain, Controls behaviors (learning + memory)

20
Q

GABA

A

inhibitory, expressed in the whole brain, controls behaviours (anxiety + motor control)

21
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Excitatory + Inhibitory, involved in learning, memory, wakefulness, eating, depression, panic disorders

22
Q

Serotonin

A

Inhibitory, Functions at various sites, controls mood, eating, sleep, arousal, depression

23
Q

Dopeamine

A

Excitatory and inhibitory, functions at various sites, controls voluntary movement, learning, motivation, pleasure, depression, Parkinsons disease, schizophrenia

24
Q

Forebrain

A

Highly developed, numerous functions

25
Q

Midbrain

A

Reflex actions and voluntary movements

26
Q

Hindbrain

A

Vital functions and coordination movements

27
Q

Medulla

A

(Hindbrain) controls heart, breathing, swallowing, and digestion.

28
Q

Pons

A

(Hindbrain) Relay station for signals, relation of sleep/dreams, controls face+neck muscles

29
Q

Cerebellum

A

(Hindbrain) Controls bodily coordination, balance, muscle tone, motor skills

30
Q

Superior Colliculi

A

(Midbrain) Visual Reflexes

31
Q

Inferior Colliculi

A

(Midbrain) Involved in hearing

32
Q

Reticular Formation

A

(Midbrain) Regulates consciousness, sleep, wakefulness, and attention. Extends into hindbrain and lowerforebrain

33
Q

Thalamus

A

(forebrain) Relay station, controls visual, auditory and body senses

34
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

(forebrain) Collections of neurons and crucial motor functions

35
Q

Hypothalamus

A

(forebrain) Regulates basic biological drives, endocrine system

36
Q

Hippocampus

A

(Limbic System (forebrain)) Forming and retrieving memories

37
Q

Amygdala

A

(Limbic System (forebrain)) Emotions (esp. fear and aggression)

38
Q

Nucleus accumbens

A

(Limbic System (forebrain)) Reward and Motivation, Dopamin, Cues for pleasure. (Pleasure Center)

39
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Involved in language comprehention

40
Q

Broca’s area

A

Involved in normal speech production

41
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Excitatory, Function at synapses involved in muscle movement and memory, memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease.

Psych 104 (10 decks)

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