Chapter 8

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

The ability to store and retrieve information, like stimuli, images, ideas, skills and more

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

The ability to store and retrieve information, like stimuli, images, ideas, skills and more

Question 2

Amnesia

Answer 2

Inability to retrieve information

Question 3

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 3

loss of ability to assimilate and retain new knowledge, Eg. HM, Finding Dory

Question 4

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 4

Loss of memory for events that have happened in past, eg. The Bourne Identity, Robocop

Question 5

Encoding

Answer 5

getting information into the system by translating it into a neural code that your brain can process

Question 6

Effortful Processing

Answer 6

Intentional, effortful conscious process

Question 7

Automatic Processing

Answer 7

Unintentional Process requiring minimal attention, Frequency, spatial location, sequence, timing.

Question 8

Dual-coding hypothesis

Answer 8

Information that can be coded verbally and visually is better remembered than only verbal information, eg. (dog vs keep)

Question 9

Levels of Processing

Answer 9

Structural(worst processing), Phonemic(mid processing), Semantic (best processing): Peep graph.

Question 10

Maintenance Rehearsal

Answer 10

Repeating the information over and over, Not the best way to improve recall

Question 11

Elaborative Rehearsal

Answer 11

Adding to the information, what does the word mean, how does the word relate to know concepts, what does word remind you of (imagery)

Question 12

Chunking

Answer 12

Combine items into larger units of meaning, eg. CTV KFC FBI, phone #

Question 13

Mnemonic devices

Answer 13

Mental strategies that aide in remembering information (eg, SIN COS TAN, ROYGBIV), making a narrative

Question 14

Method of Loci (memory palace)

Answer 14

Link what you need to remember with a place that you know well (real or not)

Question 15

Visual Based Mnemonics

Answer 15

Item is more likely to be remembered if they are interacting with something else, Peep photos

Question 16

Model of 3 systems

Answer 16

peep model

Question 17

Sensory Memory

Answer 17

Briefly holds sensory information

Question 18

Iconic store (memory)

Answer 18

holds visual information (fraction of a second)

Question 19

Echoic store (memory)

Answer 19

holds auditory information (2 or more seconds)

Question 20

Short Term Memory

Answer 20

Temporarily stores and processes a limited amount of information

Question 21

Working Memory

Answer 21

Same thing but active and more capacity, can manipulate info, 20-30 seconds.

Question 22

Control Processess

Answer 22

Maintenance rehearsal: simple repetition
Elaborative Rehearsal: focus on meaning (more effective)

Question 23

Associative Networks

Answer 23

Theory that memory can be represented as a network of associated concepts; nodes. (peep graph on Donald)

Question 24

Long-Term Memory

Answer 24

Storage of information that last from minutes to forever

Question 25

Serial Position Effect

Answer 25

Describes the relationship between a words position in a list and its probability of recall *Primacy* effect (remember from beginning) *Recency* effect (remember what was most recent.)

Question 26

Implicit Memory

Answer 26

Memory that is expressed through past experiences, unconscious or automatic memories (eg. Driving, riding a bike, skill behaviour)

Question 27

Procedural Memory

Answer 27

Cannot be verbalized, skills and actions (eg. walking)

Question 28

Classical Conditioning

Answer 28

Learning by association, 2 different stimuli

Question 29

Explicit Memory

Answer 29

Memory that is consciously retrieved

Question 30

Declarative Memory

Answer 30

Can be verbalized, consist of *Episodic* : personal experiences; episodes *Semantic* : general factual knowledge

Question 31

Retrieval

Answer 31

Process of transferring information from long-term memory back into working memory (consciousness)

Question 32

Retrieval Cues

Answer 32

Any stimulus that helps/promotes memory recall.

Question 33

Retrieval Cues

Answer 33

Any stimulus that helps/promotes memory recall.

Question 34

Flashbulb Memories

Answer 34

Memory for the circumstances in which you first learned about a very surprising and emotionally arousing event (eg. National Disaster memories)

Question 34

Flashbulb Memories

Answer 34

Memory for the circumstances in which you first learned about a very surprising and emotionally arousing event (eg. National Disaster memories)

Question 35

Encoding specificty principle

Answer 35

Retrieval can be increased by matching the conditions at retrieval to the conditions that existed at encoding

Question 36

Context Dependent Memory

Answer 36

The phenomenon that is typically easier to remember something in the same environment in which it was originally learned or experienced (eg scuba diver graph peep)

Question 37

State Dependent Memory

Answer 37

Learning is associated with a particular internal state, (eg. studying while exercising)

Question 38

Mood congruent Recall

Answer 38

Tendency to recall information or events that are congruent with our mood. Different from memory dependant memory

Question 39

Dementia

Answer 39

Refers to impaired memory and other cognitive deficits that accompany brain degeneration and interfere with normal function