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Psych 104 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Evolution

A

change in heritable traits in a population overtime

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2
Q

Gene

A

The basic unit of heredity

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3
Q

Genotype

A

A persons genetic makeup (their actual genes and shit)

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4
Q

Phenotype

A

The observable traits due to makeup (way they look)

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5
Q

Dominant vs Recessive gene

A

Dominant controls whats displayed, Recessive means both partners need to have it

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6
Q

Epigenetics

A

Lasting changes in gene expression during development (smoking prego)

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7
Q

Optogenetics

A

Persive control on when neurons fire, the idea is that better understanding behaviour and neurons, like turning at set off to see what happens in behavior

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8
Q

Gene Knockout Procedure

A

Alter specific gene so no function

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9
Q

Behaviour Genetics

A

genetics and environment leads to change in behaviour (crispr)

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10
Q

Adoption Studies

A

start w a person who was adopted at a young age and compare characteristics with both biological and adoptive parents

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11
Q

Monozygotic Twin

A

1 zygo split in 2 (identical) 100% DNA

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12
Q

Dizygotic Twin

A

2 Zygo (non identical) 50% DNA

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13
Q

Twins in the Same environment struggle

A

hard to tell environment effects from genetic effects.

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14
Q

Heredity of Intelligence

A

If intelligence is genetically determined people with same genes would have equal IQs, but in realty they account for 50-70%(peep graph)

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15
Q

Reaction Range

A

Range of possibilities that genetic code allows, Inherit range for potential expression, and Environmental effects determine where a person falls within these limits. (peep graph)

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16
Q

Personality Traits “big 5”

A

Extraversion, Introversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Neuroticism
Openness
(peep graph)

17
Q

Evolution

A

change in heritable traits in a population overtime

18
Q

Natural Selection

A

the process by which evolution occurs

19
Q

Human mind during evolution

A

Growth in areas associated with higher mental processes, body + mind adapted during evolution, evolution of behaviour also impacted by culture

20
Q

Type of Adaptations

A

Broad: wide use eg, learn language and logical reasoning
Domain specific: Solve a particular problem eg, mate selection, choosing safe food

21
Q

Social Adaptations in Humans

A
  • Born with the ability to acquire language (based on environment)
  • Responsiveness to human faces ((universal emotions (smile, shock))
  • Group seeking behaviour (humans want to be known)
22
Q

Evolutionary Personality Theory

A

Limited dimensions to personality (universal)
eg extraversion, emotional stability
These exist because they facilitate core behaviours

23
Q

5 main Evolutionary Personality Theory

A
  1. is person x active and dominant or passive and submissive? Can I dominate X or will I have to submit to X
  2. Is persons x agreeable and friendly or hostile and uncooperative
  3. Can I count on X? is X conscientious and dependable
  4. Is X sane or crazy
  5. How smart is X and how quickly can x learn and adapt
24
Q

Parental Investment

A

humans have little amount of offspring compared to animals, more time into child = more care.

25
Q

Cooperation

A

One individual helps another and gains some advantage (everyone wins together)

26
Q

Altruism

A

One individual helps another for a favor or cost (business mindset)

27
Q

Kin Selection Theory

A

Arose to increase likelihood of relatives surviving, if this is true, positive relationships between acts of alturism and degrees of relatedness (people help related more)

28
Q

Reciprocal Altruism theory

A

contributes to long term cooperation (you owe me one) (eg gossip)
If true individuals should remember how has and has not helped in the past, does not require relatedness

29
Q

Aggression Evolution

A

protect one’s mate, young, territory etc, gain access to new resources and take others

30
Q

Dominance hierarchies

A

animals don’t fight unless they really have to, too much work, they also remember past encounters. Aggression to gain higher hierachy

Psych 104 (10 decks)

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