Chapter 4 Flashcards
Evolution
change in heritable traits in a population overtime
Gene
The basic unit of heredity
Genotype
A persons genetic makeup (their actual genes and shit)
Phenotype
The observable traits due to makeup (way they look)
Dominant vs Recessive gene
Dominant controls whats displayed, Recessive means both partners need to have it
Epigenetics
Lasting changes in gene expression during development (smoking prego)
Optogenetics
Persive control on when neurons fire, the idea is that better understanding behaviour and neurons, like turning at set off to see what happens in behavior
Gene Knockout Procedure
Alter specific gene so no function
Behaviour Genetics
genetics and environment leads to change in behaviour (crispr)
Adoption Studies
start w a person who was adopted at a young age and compare characteristics with both biological and adoptive parents
Monozygotic Twin
1 zygo split in 2 (identical) 100% DNA
Dizygotic Twin
2 Zygo (non identical) 50% DNA
Twins in the Same environment struggle
hard to tell environment effects from genetic effects.
Heredity of Intelligence
If intelligence is genetically determined people with same genes would have equal IQs, but in realty they account for 50-70%(peep graph)
Reaction Range
Range of possibilities that genetic code allows, Inherit range for potential expression, and Environmental effects determine where a person falls within these limits. (peep graph)
Personality Traits “big 5”
Extraversion, Introversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Neuroticism
Openness
(peep graph)
Evolution
change in heritable traits in a population overtime
Natural Selection
the process by which evolution occurs
Human mind during evolution
Growth in areas associated with higher mental processes, body + mind adapted during evolution, evolution of behaviour also impacted by culture
Type of Adaptations
Broad: wide use eg, learn language and logical reasoning
Domain specific: Solve a particular problem eg, mate selection, choosing safe food
Social Adaptations in Humans
- Born with the ability to acquire language (based on environment)
- Responsiveness to human faces ((universal emotions (smile, shock))
- Group seeking behaviour (humans want to be known)
Evolutionary Personality Theory
Limited dimensions to personality (universal)
eg extraversion, emotional stability
These exist because they facilitate core behaviours
5 main Evolutionary Personality Theory
- is person x active and dominant or passive and submissive? Can I dominate X or will I have to submit to X
- Is persons x agreeable and friendly or hostile and uncooperative
- Can I count on X? is X conscientious and dependable
- Is X sane or crazy
- How smart is X and how quickly can x learn and adapt
Parental Investment
humans have little amount of offspring compared to animals, more time into child = more care.
Cooperation
One individual helps another and gains some advantage (everyone wins together)
Altruism
One individual helps another for a favor or cost (business mindset)
Kin Selection Theory
Arose to increase likelihood of relatives surviving, if this is true, positive relationships between acts of alturism and degrees of relatedness (people help related more)
Reciprocal Altruism theory
contributes to long term cooperation (you owe me one) (eg gossip)
If true individuals should remember how has and has not helped in the past, does not require relatedness
Aggression Evolution
protect one’s mate, young, territory etc, gain access to new resources and take others
Dominance hierarchies
animals don’t fight unless they really have to, too much work, they also remember past encounters. Aggression to gain higher hierachy
