Chapter 9 - Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
A pharmacological agent capable of preventing or arresting epilepsy
A
Antiepileptic
2
Q
Alternate name for seizure
A
Convulsion
3
Q
Record of the electrical activity of the brain
A
Electroencephalogram EEG
4
Q
Device used to record the electrical activity of the brain
A
Electroencephalograph
5
Q
The process of recording the electrical activity of the brain
A
Electroencephalography
6
Q
Pertaining to the use of electricity in the diagnosis of a neurologic disorder
A
Electroneurodiagnostic
7
Q
Chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges
A
Epilepsy
8
Q
Pertaining to or suffering from seizures
A
Epileptic
9
Q
Pertaining to or condition cause by a stroke or epilepsy
A
Ictal
10
Q
Pertaining to nerves that send impulses out to cause muscles to contract or glands to secrete
A
Motor
11
Q
Medical specialty of disorders of the nervous system
A
Neurology
12
Q
Medical specialist in disorders of the nervous system
A
Neurologist
13
Q
Pertaining to the nervous system
A
Neurologic
14
Q
Specialist in operating in the nervous system
A
Neurosurgeon
15
Q
Medical specialty in surgery of the nervous system
A
Neurosurgery
16
Q
An agent with the ability to alter mood, anxiety, behavior, cognitive processes or mental tension
A
Psychoactive
17
Q
Event due to excessive electrical activity in the brain
A
Seizure
18
Q
Having the function of sensation; relating to structures of the nervous system that carry impulses to the brain
A
Sensory
19
Q
In a state of muscular contraction
A
Tonic
20
Q
Generalized seizure activity due to epileptic activity in all or most of the brain
A
Tonic-Clonic Seizure
21
Q
Conducting impulses inward toward the spinal cord or brain
A
Afferent
22
Q
Not voluntary; pertaining to the self-governing visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system
A
Autonomic
23
Q
Conducting impulses outward away from the brain or spinal cord
A
Efferent
24
Q
Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS
A
Ganglion / ganglia
25
A cord of fibers in connective tissue conduct impulses
Nerve / nervous
26
Technical term for a nerve cell; consists of the cell body with its dendrites and axons
Neuron
27
Pertaining to division of autonomic nervous system; has opposite effects of the sympathetic division
Parasympathetic
28
Pertaining to the periphery or external boundary
Peripheral
29
A weblike network of joined nerves
Plexus / plexuses
30
Pertaining to a division of peripheral nervous system serving the skeletal muscles
Somatic
31
Pertaining to the part of the autonomic nervous system operating at the unconscious level
Sympathetic
32
Pertaining to the internal organs
Visceral
33
Parasympathetic neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
34
Single process of a nerve cell carrying nervous impulses away from the cell body
Axon
35
Branched extension of the nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli
Dendrite
36
Neurotransmitter in some specific small areas of the brain
Dopamine
37
Natural substance in the brain that has the same effect as opium
Endorphin
38
Material of the sheath around the axon of a nerve
Myelin
39
Covering of a nerve around the myelin sheath
Neurilemma
40
Chemical agent that relays messages from one nerve cell to the next
Neurotransmitter
41
Parasympathetic neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine
42
Disease of muscular registry, tremors, and a masklike facial expression
Parkinson disease
43
Neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system
Serotonin
44
Junction between two nerve cells, or a nerve fiber and it's target cell; where electrical impulses are transmitted between the cells
Synapse / synaptic
45
Star-shaped connection tissue cell in the nervous system
Astrocyte
46
A selective mechanism that protects the brain from toxins and infections
Blood-brain barrier BBB
47
Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal
48
Fluid formed in the ventricles of the brain; surrounds the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid CSF
49
Process of acquiring knowledge through thinking, learning, and memory
Cognition
50
Pertaining to the mental activities of thinking and learning
Cognitive
51
Membrane lining the central canal of the spinal cord and the Ventricles of the brain
Ependyma
52
Connective tissue that holds a structure together
Glia
53
Small nervous tissue cells that are phagocytes
Microglia
54
Connective tissue holding nervous tissue together
Neuroglia
55
Regions of the brain and spinal cord occupied by cell bodies and dendrites
Gray matter
56
Connective tissue cell of the central nervous system that forms a myelin sheath
Oligodendrocyte
57
Connective tissue cell of the peripheral nervous system that forms a myelin sheath
Schwann cell
58
Regions of the brain and spinal cord occupied by bundles of axons
White matter
59
Region of the brain that includes the thalamus, pineal gland, pons, fourth ventricle, and medulla oblongata
Brain stem
60
The most posterior area of the brain
Cerebellum
61
The major portion of the brain divided into two hemispheres
Cerebrum / cerebral
62
Bridge of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosum
63
Gray covering of cerebral hemispheres
Cortex / cortical
64
Area of the brain behind the frontal bone
Frontal lobe
65
Rounded elevation on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres
Gyrus/gyri
66
Posterior area of cerebral hemispheres
Occipital lobe
67
Area of brain under the parietal bone
Parietal lobe
68
Groove on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres that separates gyri
Sulcus / sulci
69
Posterior two-thirds of cerebral hemispheres
Temporal lobe
70
State of deep unconsciousness
Coma
71
Being in a coma
Comatose
72
Cross over like the arms of an X
Decussate
73
Area of gray matter forming part of the walls and floor of the third ventricle
Hypothalamus
74
Pertaining to the hypothalamus
Hypothalamic
75
Pertaining to the Limbic system, an array of nerve fibers surrounding the thalamus
Limbic
76
Most posterior subdivision of the brainstem, continuation of the spinal cord
Medulla oblongata
77
Part of the brainstem
Pons
78
Fine network of cells in the medulla oblongata
Reticulum
79
Pertaining to the reticulum
Reticular
80
Mass of gray matter underneath the ventricle in each cerebral hemisphere
Thalamus
81
A cavity of the heart or brain
Ventricle
82
Pertaining to a ventricle
Ventricular
83
Sixth cranial nerve, responsible for eye movement
Abducens
84
Eleventh cranial nerve; supplying neck muscles, pharynx and larynx
Accessory
85
Pertaining to the sense of or the organs of hearing
Auditory
86
Pertaining to the skull
Cranial
87
Seventh cranial nerve; supplying the forehead, nose, eyes, mouth and jaw
Facial
88
Ninth cranial nerve; supplying the tongue and pharynx
Glossopharyngeal
89
Twelfth cranial nerve; supplying muscles of the tongue
Hypoglossal
90
Third cranial nerve; moves the eye
Oculomotor
91
First cranial nerve; carries information related to the sense of smell
Olfactory
92
Second cranial nerve; carries visual information
Optic
93
Fifth cranial nerve ; with its three different branches supplying the face
Trigeminal
94
Fourth cranial nerve; supplies on muscle of the eye
Trochlear
95
Tenth cranial nerve; supplies many different organs throughout the body
Vagus
96
Eighth cranial nerve; carrying information for the senses of hearing and balance
Vestibulocochlear
97
Weblike middle layer of the three meninges
Arachnoid matter
98
Bundle of spinal nerves in the vertebral canal below the ending of the spinal cord
Cauda equina
99
Pertaining to the neck region
Cervical
100
The area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve; alternatively, an instrument used for cutting thin slices
Dermatome
101
Hard, fibrous outer layer of the meninges
Dura mater
102
Above the dura
Epidural is
103
Space between the dura mater and the wall of the vertebral canal or bridge
Epidural space
104
The space between two vertebrae
Intervertebral
105
Pertaining to the region in the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis
Lumbar
106
Three layered covering of the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
107
Delicate inner layer of the meninges
Pla mater
108
In the neighborhood of the sacrum
Sacral
109
Placement of a needle through an intervertebral space into the subarachnoid space to withdraw CSF
Spinal tap
110
Space between the pla mater and the arachnoid membrane
Subarachnoid space
111
Pertaining to the chest (thorax)
Thoracic
112
Bundle of nerve fibers with common origin and destination
Tract
113
Common form of dementia
Alzheimer disease
114
Mental state in which environmental stimuli are not processed appropriately
Confusion
115
Having present knowledge of oneself and ones surroundings
Conscious
116
The state of being aware of and responsive to the environment
Consciousness
117
Not conscious, lacking awareness
Unconscious
118
Acute altered state of consciousness with agitation and disorientation; condition if reversible
Delirium
119
Chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of the minds cognitive and intellectual functions
Dementia
120
Ability to place yourself into the feelings, emotions and reactions of another person
Empathy
121
Appreciation and concern for another persons mental and emotional state
Sympathy
122
Acute clinical event caused by an impaired cerebral circulation
Stroke
123
Circumscribed dilation of an artery or cardiac chamber
Aneurysm
124
X ray visualization of an artery after injection of contrast material
Arteriography
125
An abnormal communication between an artery and a vein
Arteriovenous malformation
126
Surgical removal of diseased lining from the carotid artery to leave a smooth lining
Carotid endarterectomy
127
Weakness of one side of the body
Hemiparesis
128
Paralysis of one side of the body
Hemiplegia
129
Pertaining to or suffering from hemiplegia
Hemiplegic
130
Disease of the very small blood vessels (capillaries)
Microangiopathy
131
Dissolving a thrombus (clot)
Thrombolysis
132
Capable of breaking up or dissolving a thrombus
Thrombolytic
133
Inability to coordinate muscle activity, leading to jerky movements
Ataxia /ataxic
134
Slow, writhing involuntary movements
Athetosis
135
Resembling athetosis
Athetoid
136
Muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis
Contracture
137
Paralysis of all four limbs, with the two legs affected most severely
Diplegia / diplegic
138
Diminishing of normal functioning
Impairment
139
Paralysis of one limb
Monoplegia / monoplegic
140
Paralysis of paresis from brain damage
Palsy
141
Paralysis of both lower extremities
Paraplegia / paraplegic
142
Paralysis of all four limbs
Quadriplegia / quadriplegic
143
Sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle group; increased muscle tone on movement
Spasm
144
Pertaining to or suffering from increased muscle tone on movement
Spastic
145
Paralysis of three limbs
Triplegia / triplegic
146
A pharmacological agent capable of preventing or arresting epilepsy
Antiepileptic
147
Sudden loss of muscle tone with brief paralysis
Cataplexy
148
Tumor arising in a glial cell
Glioma
149
One name for a generalized tonic clonic seizure
grand mal seizure
150
Condition with frequent incidents of sudden, involuntary deep sleep
Narcolepsy
151
Old name for an absence seizure
Petit mal seizure
152
Occurring after a seizure
Postictal
153
A recurrent state of seizure activity lasting longer than a specific time frame usually 30 minutes
Status epillepticus
154
Sudden, involuntary, repeated contraction of muscles
Tic
155
Disorder of multiple motor and vocal tics
Tourette Syndrome
156
Sensory experience preceding an epileptic seizure or a migraine headache
Aura
157
Disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans causing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy aka Mad Cow Disease
158
Radiation therapy in which the source of irradiation is implanted in the tissue to be treated
Brachytherapy
159
Involuntary, irregular spasms of limb and facial muscles
Chorea
160
Progressive incurable neurologic disease caused by infectious prions
Creurzfeldt-Jakob disease
161
Shuffling, failing-forward gait
Festinant
162
A malignant form of brain cancer
Glioblastoma / multiforme
163
Progressive inherited, degenerative, incurable neurologic disease
Huntington disease/chorea
164
Paroxysmal severe headache confined to one side of the head
Migraine
165
Small infectious protein particle
Prion
166
Encephalopathy and liver damage in children following an acute viral illness; linked to aspirin use
Reye syndrome
167
Temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone due to finished cerebral blood flow
Syncope
168
Small, shaking, involuntary, repetitive movements of hands, extremities, neck or jaw
Tremor
169
Daily routines for mobility and personal care: bathing dressing eating and moving
Activities of daily living
170
Mild head injury
Concussion
171
Bruising of a tissue including the brain
Contusion
172
Injury to the brain occurring directly under the skull at the point of impact
Coup
173
Injury to the brain at a point directly opposite the point of original contact
Contrecoup
174
Diminished capacity to perform certain activities or functions
Disability
175
Condition that interferes with a persons ability to function normally
Handicap
176
Inability to sleep
Insomnia
177
Removal of tissue to destroy its function
Ablation
178
Process of removing a limb, part of a limb, a breast or other projecting part
Amputation
179
State in which pain is reduced
Analgesia
180
Substance that produces analgesia
Analgesic
181
Complete loss of sensation
Anesthesia
182
Medical specialist in anesthesia
Anesthesiologist
183
Medical specialty related to anesthesia
Anesthesiology
184
An agent that causes absence of feeling or sensation
Anesthetic
185
Small area, in this case around a pain generating nerve
Facet
186
Within the subarachnoid or subdural space
Intrathecal
187
Inside a vein
Intravenous
188
Derivative of opium used as an analgesic of sedative
Morphine
189
Involving health care providers from more than one profession
Multidisciplinary
190
A drug derived from opium
Opiate
191
Paresis or paralysis of one side of face
Bell palsy
192
Collection of blood that has escaped from the blood vessels into tissue
Hematoma
193
Pertaining to one side of the face
Hemifacial
194
Disorder of the sympathetic nerves to the face and eye
Horner Syndrome
195
Tie off a structure, such as a bleeding blood vessel
Ligate
196
Tumor arising from the arachnoid layer of the meninges
Meningioma
197
Pertaining to the meningococcus bacterium
Meningococcal
198
Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain of spinal cord
Meningitis
199
Pain in the distribution of a nerve
Neuralgia
200
Located in the space between the dura mater and arachnoid membrane
Subdural
201
Painful, sudden, spasmodic, involuntary contractions of the facial muscles supplied by the trigeminal nerve
Tic douloureux trigeminal neuralgia
202
Process of losing the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber
Demyelination
203
Inflammation of brain cells and tissues
Encephalitis
204
Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
Encephalomyelitis
205
Period where there is an increase in severity of a disease
Exacerbation
206
Disorder in which the body makes anti bodies against myelin, disrupting nerve conduction
Guillain-Barré syndrome
207
Alternately ceasing and beginning again
Intermittent
208
Change the form or qualities of something
Modify
209
Abnormal sensation
Paresthesia
210
Period when there is a lessening or absence of the symptoms of a disease
Remission
211
Pertaining to muscular atrophy
Amyotrophic
212
Wasting or diminished volume of a tissue or organ
Atrophy
213
A squeezing together so as to increase density and/or decrease a dimension of a structure
Compression
214
Protrusion of an anatomical structure from its normal location
Herniation / hernia / herniate
215
Disease transmitted by the bite of an infected deer tick
Lyme disease
216
Inflammation of the spinal cord
Myelitis
217
To make incapable of movement
Paralyze
218
Loss of voluntary movement
Paralysis
219
Pertaining to or suffering from paralysis
Paralytic
220
Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord, leading to paralysis of the limbs and muscles of respiration
Poliomyelitis / polio
221
Progressive muscle weakness in a person previously affected by polio
Postpolio syndrome
222
Degenerative osteoarthritis of the spine
Spondylosis
223
Abnormal longitudinal cavities in the spinal cord that cause paresthesias and muscle weakness
Syringomyelia
224
Food poisoning caused by the neurotoxin produced by clostridium botulinum
Botulism
225
Neurotoxin injected into muscles of the face to prevent the muscles from contracting and causing wrinkles
Botox
226
Bone and joint destruction secondary to a neuropathy and loss of sensation
Charcot joint
227
Acute, contagious viral disease
Chicken pox / varicella
228
Bacterium that causes food poisoning
Clostridium botulinum
229
Agent that destroys insects
Insecticide
230
Disorder of fluctuating muscle weakness
Myasthenia Gravis
231
Any disease of the nervous system
Neuropathy
232
Disorder affecting a single nerve
Mononeuropathy
233
Disorder affecting many nerves
Polyneuropathy
234
Agent that poisons the nervous system
Neurotoxin
235
Organic phosphorus compound used as an insecticide
Organophosphate
236
Pain from compression of L5 or S1 nerve roots
Sciatica
237
Pertaining to the sciatic nerve or sciatica
Sciatic
238
Born without cerebral hemispheres
Anencephaly
239
A structural abnormality
Anomaly
240
Enlarged head due to excess CSF in the cerebral ventricles
Hydrocephalus
241
Protrusion of the meninges from the spinal cord or brain through a defect in the vertebral column of cranium
Meningocele
242
Protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral arch of one or more vertebrae
Meningomyelocele
243
An abnormally small head
Microcephaly
244
Failure of one or more vertebral arches to close during fetal development
Spina bifida
245
Meninges and spinal cord protruding through the absent vertebral arch and having the appearance of a cyst
Spina bifida cystica
246
The deformity of the vertebral arch is not apparent from the skin surface
Spina bifida occulta
247
Agent that produces fetal deformities
Teratogen
248
Capable of producing fetal deformities
Teratogenic
249
Diagnostic instrument that sends an ultrasonic beam into the body
Doppler
250
Imaging that defects direction, velocity, and turbulence of blood flow; used in workup of stroke patients
Doppler ultrasonography
251
Computer generated color image to show directions of blood flow
Color Doppler ultrasonography
252
Use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of intercranial lesions
Echoencephalography
253
Record of the electrical activity of the brain and
Eletroencephalogram EEG
254
Device used to record the electrical activity of the brain
Electroencephalograph
255
The process of recording the electrical activity of the brain
Electroencephalography
256
Recording of electrical activity in muscle
Electromyography
257
Radiography of the spinal cord and nerve roots after injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space
Myelography
258
Procedure to measure the speed at which an electrical impulse travels along a nerve
Nerve conduction study
259
Pertaining to both nerves and muscles
Neuromuscular
260
Person with a psychological or physical dependence on a substance or practice
Addict
261
Habitual psychological and physiologic dependence on a substance or practice
Addiction
262
Pertaining to or causing addiction
Addictive
263
An opposing structure agent disease or process
Antagonist
264
Situation of opposing
Antagonism
265
Dried flowering leaves of the plant Cannabis sativa
Marijuana
266
Agent that intensifies sensory perception
Psychedelic
267
Able to alter mood behavior and or cognition
Psychoactive
268
Agent that calms nervous excitement
Sedative
269
State of being calmed
Sedation
270
Agent the excites or strengthens functional activity
Stimulant
271
Arousal to increased functional activity
Stimulation
272
Built up or put together from simpler compounds
Synthetic
273
The process of building a compound from different elements
Synthesis
274
The capacity to become accustomed to a stimulus or drug
Tolerance
275
Agent that calms without sedating or depressing
Tranquilizer
