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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 - Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The process of removing metabolic waste

A

Excretion

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2
Q

Protein is broken down into _____

A

Amino acids

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3
Q

When an amino acid is broken down, ______ is produced

A

Ammonia

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4
Q

Hollow sac that holds fluid like urine or bile

A

Bladder

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5
Q

Organ of excretion

A

Kidney

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6
Q

Surgical removal of a kidney

A

Nephrectomy

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7
Q

Medical specialty of disease of the kidney

A

Nephrology

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8
Q

Medical specialist in disease of the kidney

A

Nephrologist

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9
Q

Pertaining to the kidney

A

Renal

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10
Q

End product of nitrogen metabolism

A

Urea

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11
Q

Inflammation of the urethra

A

Urethritis

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12
Q

Fluid and dissolved substances excreted by kidney

A

Urine

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13
Q

Pertaining to urine

A

Urinary

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14
Q

To pass urine

A

Urinate

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15
Q

The act of passing urine

A

Urination

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16
Q

Medical specialty of disorders of the urinary system

A

Urology

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17
Q

Medical specialist in disorders of the urinary system

A

Urologist

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18
Q

Pertaining to urology

A

Urological

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19
Q

Funnel shaped structure

A

Calyx

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20
Q

Outer portion of an organ

A

Cortex

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21
Q

Pertaining to the cortex

A

Cortical

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22
Q

That which has passed through a filter

A

Filtrate

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23
Q

A porous substance through which a liquid or gas is passed to separate out contained particles; or to use a filter

A

Filter

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24
Q

Process of passing liquid through a filter

A

Filtration

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25
Q

Plexus of capillaries; part of a nephron

A

Glomerulus

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26
Q

Pertaining to or affecting a glomerulus or glomeruli

A

Glomerular

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27
Q

The part where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ

A

Hilum

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28
Q

Part of the renal tubule where reabsorption occurs

A

Loop of Henle

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29
Q

Central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex

A

Medulla

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30
Q

Filtration unit of the kidney; glomerulus and renal tubule

A

Nephron

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31
Q

A cup-shaped cavity, as in the pelvis of the kidney

A

Pelvis

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32
Q

Surrounding the small renal tubules

A

Peritubular

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33
Q

Allowing passage of substances through a membrane

A

Permeable

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34
Q

Freely permeable to water but not to solutes

A

Semipermeable

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35
Q

When nothing is allowed passage

A

Impermeable

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36
Q

The taking back into the mood of substances that had previously been filtered out from it

A

Reabsorption

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37
Q

Enzyme secreted by the kidney that causes vasoconstriction

A

Renin

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38
Q

The presence of stones

A

Nephrolithiasis

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39
Q

Passage of urine

A

Urination, micturition or voiding

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40
Q

With pain medication to relieve symptoms, the hope is that the stones can be passed

A

Watchful waiting

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41
Q

Produces shock waves that crumble the stone into small pieces that can pass down the ureter

A

Lithotripter

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42
Q

A small, flexible ureteroscope is passed through the urethra and bladder into the ureter

A

Ureteroscopy

43
Q

A nephroscope is inserted through the skin and into the kidney to locate and remove the stone

A

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

44
Q

Small stone

A

Calculus

45
Q

Outside the body

A

Extracorporeal

46
Q

Dilation of pelvis and calyces of a kidney

A

Hydronephrosis

47
Q

Pertaining to or suffering from the dilation of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney

A

Hydronephrotic

48
Q

Incision for removal of a renal stone

A

Nephrolithotomy

49
Q

X ray image of renal pelvis and ureters

A

Pyelogram

50
Q

Backward flow

A

Reflux

51
Q

Endoscope to view the inside of the ureter

A

Ureteroscope

52
Q

Examination of the ureter

A

Ureteroscopy

53
Q

An artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water from the body

A

Dialysis

54
Q

Agent that increases urine output

A

Diuretic

55
Q

Excretion of large volumes of urine

A

Diuresis

56
Q

Infection of the glomeruli of the kidney

A

Glomerulinephritis

57
Q

Blood in the urine

A

Hematuria

58
Q

Pertaining to the spaces between cells in a tissue or organ

A

Interstitial

59
Q

Inflammation of the kidney

A

Nephritis

60
Q

Any disease of the kidney

A

Nephropathy

61
Q

Glomerular disease with marked loss of protein

A

Nephrotic syndrome

62
Q

Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

A

Pyelonephritis

63
Q

Cancerous kidney tumor of childhood

A

Wilms Tumor

64
Q

Absence of urine production

A

Anuria

65
Q

Excess nitrogenous waste products in the blood

A

Azotemia

66
Q

An artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water directly from the blood

A

Hemodialysis

67
Q

To insert material into tissues or the material inserted into tissues

A

Implant

68
Q

Scanty production of urine

A

Oliguria

69
Q

Composed of many cysts

A

Polycystic

70
Q

Brother or sister

A

Sibling

71
Q

The act of transferring tissue from one person to another

A

Transplant

72
Q

The complex of symptoms arising from renal failure

A

Uremia

73
Q

Bed wetting; urinary incontinence

A

Enuresis

74
Q

The external opening of a passage

A

Meatus

75
Q

Act of passing urine

A

Micturition

76
Q

Pass urine

A

Micturate

77
Q

An involuntary response to a stimulus

A

Reflex

78
Q

Band of muscles that encircles an opening; when the muscle contracts, the opening squeezes closed

A

Sphincter

79
Q

The evacuate urine or feces

A

Void

80
Q

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

A

Cystitis

81
Q

Surgical procedure to support the urinary bladder

A

Cystopexy

82
Q

An endoscope inserted to view the inside of the bladder

A

Cystoscope

83
Q

The process of using a cystoscope

A

Cystoscopy

84
Q

Difficulty or pain with urination

A

Dysuria

85
Q

The number of times something happens in a given time

A

Frequency

86
Q

Pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology

A

Idiopathic

87
Q

Inability to prevent discharge of urine or feces

A

Incontinence

88
Q

Contraction and relaxation of the pelvis floor muscles to improve urethral and rectal sphincter function

A

Kegel Exercises

89
Q

The vein that brings blood from the intestines to the liver

A

Portal

90
Q

Inflammation of renal pelvis

A

Pyelitis

91
Q

A holding in of what should normally be discharged

A

Retention

92
Q

A description of the distribution and extent of dissemination of a cancer disease process

A

Stage

93
Q

Above the symphysis pubis

A

Suprapubic

94
Q

A cylindrical mold formed by materials in kidney tube

A

Cast

95
Q

X ray image during voiding to show structure and function of bladder and urethra

A

Cystourethrogram

96
Q

Presence of glucose in urine

A

Glucosuria

97
Q

Chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation

A

Ketone

98
Q

Excess production of ketones

A

Ketosis

99
Q

Excessive production of ketones, making the blood acidic

A

Ketoacidosis

100
Q

Chemical formed in urine by E. coli and other micro organisms

A

Nitrite

101
Q

Presence of protein in urine

A

Proteinuria

102
Q

Reversal of a normal flow

A

Retrograde

103
Q

Examination of urine to separate it into its elements and define their mind and or quality

A

Urinalysis

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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