Chapter 6 - Urinary System Flashcards
The process of removing metabolic waste
Excretion
Protein is broken down into _____
Amino acids
When an amino acid is broken down, ______ is produced
Ammonia
Hollow sac that holds fluid like urine or bile
Bladder
Organ of excretion
Kidney
Surgical removal of a kidney
Nephrectomy
Medical specialty of disease of the kidney
Nephrology
Medical specialist in disease of the kidney
Nephrologist
Pertaining to the kidney
Renal
End product of nitrogen metabolism
Urea
Inflammation of the urethra
Urethritis
Fluid and dissolved substances excreted by kidney
Urine
Pertaining to urine
Urinary
To pass urine
Urinate
The act of passing urine
Urination
Medical specialty of disorders of the urinary system
Urology
Medical specialist in disorders of the urinary system
Urologist
Pertaining to urology
Urological
Funnel shaped structure
Calyx
Outer portion of an organ
Cortex
Pertaining to the cortex
Cortical
That which has passed through a filter
Filtrate
A porous substance through which a liquid or gas is passed to separate out contained particles; or to use a filter
Filter
Process of passing liquid through a filter
Filtration
Plexus of capillaries; part of a nephron
Glomerulus
Pertaining to or affecting a glomerulus or glomeruli
Glomerular
The part where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ
Hilum
Part of the renal tubule where reabsorption occurs
Loop of Henle
Central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex
Medulla
Filtration unit of the kidney; glomerulus and renal tubule
Nephron
A cup-shaped cavity, as in the pelvis of the kidney
Pelvis
Surrounding the small renal tubules
Peritubular
Allowing passage of substances through a membrane
Permeable
Freely permeable to water but not to solutes
Semipermeable
When nothing is allowed passage
Impermeable
The taking back into the mood of substances that had previously been filtered out from it
Reabsorption
Enzyme secreted by the kidney that causes vasoconstriction
Renin
The presence of stones
Nephrolithiasis
Passage of urine
Urination, micturition or voiding
With pain medication to relieve symptoms, the hope is that the stones can be passed
Watchful waiting
Produces shock waves that crumble the stone into small pieces that can pass down the ureter
Lithotripter
A small, flexible ureteroscope is passed through the urethra and bladder into the ureter
Ureteroscopy
A nephroscope is inserted through the skin and into the kidney to locate and remove the stone
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Small stone
Calculus
Outside the body
Extracorporeal
Dilation of pelvis and calyces of a kidney
Hydronephrosis
Pertaining to or suffering from the dilation of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney
Hydronephrotic
Incision for removal of a renal stone
Nephrolithotomy
X ray image of renal pelvis and ureters
Pyelogram
Backward flow
Reflux
Endoscope to view the inside of the ureter
Ureteroscope
Examination of the ureter
Ureteroscopy
An artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water from the body
Dialysis
Agent that increases urine output
Diuretic
Excretion of large volumes of urine
Diuresis
Infection of the glomeruli of the kidney
Glomerulinephritis
Blood in the urine
Hematuria
Pertaining to the spaces between cells in a tissue or organ
Interstitial
Inflammation of the kidney
Nephritis
Any disease of the kidney
Nephropathy
Glomerular disease with marked loss of protein
Nephrotic syndrome
Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
Pyelonephritis
Cancerous kidney tumor of childhood
Wilms Tumor
Absence of urine production
Anuria
Excess nitrogenous waste products in the blood
Azotemia
An artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water directly from the blood
Hemodialysis
To insert material into tissues or the material inserted into tissues
Implant
Scanty production of urine
Oliguria
Composed of many cysts
Polycystic
Brother or sister
Sibling
The act of transferring tissue from one person to another
Transplant
The complex of symptoms arising from renal failure
Uremia
Bed wetting; urinary incontinence
Enuresis
The external opening of a passage
Meatus
Act of passing urine
Micturition
Pass urine
Micturate
An involuntary response to a stimulus
Reflex
Band of muscles that encircles an opening; when the muscle contracts, the opening squeezes closed
Sphincter
The evacuate urine or feces
Void
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
Cystitis
Surgical procedure to support the urinary bladder
Cystopexy
An endoscope inserted to view the inside of the bladder
Cystoscope
The process of using a cystoscope
Cystoscopy
Difficulty or pain with urination
Dysuria
The number of times something happens in a given time
Frequency
Pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology
Idiopathic
Inability to prevent discharge of urine or feces
Incontinence
Contraction and relaxation of the pelvis floor muscles to improve urethral and rectal sphincter function
Kegel Exercises
The vein that brings blood from the intestines to the liver
Portal
Inflammation of renal pelvis
Pyelitis
A holding in of what should normally be discharged
Retention
A description of the distribution and extent of dissemination of a cancer disease process
Stage
Above the symphysis pubis
Suprapubic
A cylindrical mold formed by materials in kidney tube
Cast
X ray image during voiding to show structure and function of bladder and urethra
Cystourethrogram
Presence of glucose in urine
Glucosuria
Chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation
Ketone
Excess production of ketones
Ketosis
Excessive production of ketones, making the blood acidic
Ketoacidosis
Chemical formed in urine by E. coli and other micro organisms
Nitrite
Presence of protein in urine
Proteinuria
Reversal of a normal flow
Retrograde
Examination of urine to separate it into its elements and define their mind and or quality
Urinalysis
