Chapter 10 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Pertaining to the heart
Cardiac
Of cardiac origin
Cardiogenic
A medical specialist in diagnosis and treatment of the heart
Cardiologist
Medical specialty of disease of the heart
Cardiology
The attempt to restore cardiac and pulmonary function
Cardiopulmonary / resuscitation
Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular
Pertaining to sweat or perspiration
Diaphoretic
Sweat or perspiration
Diaphoresis
Record of the electrical signals of the heart
Electrocardiogram
Machine that makes the electrocardiogram
Electrocardiograph
Interpretation of electrocardiograms
Electrocardiography
A device for conducting electricity
Electrode
The space between two ribs
Intercostal
Area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea
Mediastinum
Long, flat bone forming the center of the anterior wall of the chest
Sternum
Instrument for listening to cardiac and respiratory sounds
Stethoscope
Blood flow through the vessels supplying the heart
Coronary circulation
The inside lining of the heart
Endocardium
Pertaining to the endocardium
Endocardial
The outer layer of the heart wall
Epicardium
Repair of dead tissue cells by formation of fibrous tissue
Fibrosis
Pertaining to fibrosis
Fibrotic
Area of cell death resulting from an infarction
Infarct
Sudden blockage of an artery
Infarction
Lack of blood supply to a tissue
Ischemia
Pertaining to or affected by ischemia
Ischemic
Substance for reducing friction
Lubricant
All the heart muscle
Myocardium
Pertaining to the myocardium
Myocardial
Pathological death of tissue or cells
Necrosis
Affected by necrosis
Necrotic
Pertaining to the outer layer of the pericardium and other body cavities
Parietal
Structure around the heart
Pericardium
Pertaining to the pericardium
Pericardial
Pertaining to the lungs and their blood supply
Pulmonary
Relating to the entire organism
Systemic
Pertaining to the internal organs
Visceral
Main trunk of the systemic arterial system
Aorta
Chamber where blood enters the heart on both right and left sides
Atrium
Pertaining to both the atrium and the ventricle
Atrioventricular
Having two points
Bicuspid
Tendinitis cords attaching the bicuspid and tricuspid valves to the heart wall
Chordae tendineae
Between the atria of the heart
Interatrial
Between the ventricles of the heart
Interventricular
Shaped like a headdress of a catholic bishop
Mitral
Appears like a half moon
Semilunar
A wall dividing two cavities
Septum / septa
Having three points
Tricuspid
One of the two largest veins in the body
Vena cava
Chamber of the heart of brain
Ventricle
An abnormal heart rhythm
Arrhythmia
Diagnostic method of listening to body sounds with a stethoscope
Auscultation
A harsh abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the heart
Bruit
Pathway for electrical signals to be transmitted to the ventricles
Bundle of His
Process of transmitting energy
Conduction
Dilation of heart cavities, during which they fill with blood
Diastole / diastolic
An shoemaker heart rhythm
Dysrhythmia
Abnormal heart sounds heard on auscultation of the heart or blood vessels
Murmur
Device that regulates cardiac electrical activity
Pacemaker
Network of nerve fibers in the myocardium
Purkinje fibers
The center of modified cardiac muscle fibers in the wall of the right atrium that acts as the pacemaker for the heart rhythm
Sinoatrial node
The normal optimal heart rhythm arising from the sinoatrial node
Sinus rhythm
Contraction of the heart muscle
Systole / systolic
Rapid heart rate
Tachycardia
Restoration of a normal heart rhythm by electrical shock
Cardioversion / defibrillation
Device used to generate the electrical shock to the heart
Cardioverter
Restoration of uncontrolled twitching of cardiac muscle fibers to normal rhythm
Defibrillation
Instrument for defibrillation
Defibrillator
Uncontrolled quivering or twitching of the heart muscle
Fibrillation
Able to be inserted into tissues
Implantable
Forcible, rapid beat of the heart felt by the patient
Palpitation
Occurring in sharp, spasmodic episodes
Paroxysmal
Enlargement of the heart
Cardiomegaly
Disease of heart muscle, the myocardium
Cardiomyopathy
Right sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease
Cod pulmonale
Collection of fluid that has escaped from blood vessels into a cavity or tissue
Effusion
Inflammation of the lining of the heart
Endocarditis
Fluid that has coma out of a tissue or its capillaries because of inflammation or injury
Exudate
Failure of valves to close completely
Incompetence
Lack of completeness of function; such as a failure of a heart valve to close properly
Insufficiency
Inadequate or abnormal function
Malfunction
Inflammation of the heart muscle
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium, the covering of the heart
Pericarditis
The falling or slipping of a body part from its normal position
Prolapse
A manufactured substitute for s missing or diseased part of the body
Prosthesis / prosthetic
To flow backward
Regurgitate
Narrowing of a canal of passage
Stenosis
Pathologic compression of an organ
Tamponade
Without oxygen
Anoxia
Pertaining to or suffering from a lack of oxygen
Anoxic
Hardening of the arteries
Arteriosclerosis
Pertaining to or suffering from arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerotic
Absence of contractions of the heart
Asystole
Lipid deposit in the lining of an artery
Atheroma
Surgical removal of the atheroma
Atherectomy
Atheroma in arteries
Atherosclerosis
Having decreased blood volume in the body
Hypovolemic
To close, plug, or completely obstruct
Occlude
A complete obstruction
Occlusion
To force blood to blow through a lumen or a vascular bed
Perfuse
The act of perfusing
Perfusion
Path of abnormal tissue
Plaque
Accustomed to little exercise or movement
Sedentary
Underneath the tongue
Sublingual
Under the sternum, or breastbone
Substernal
Constriction stenosis
Coarctation
Present at birth either inherited or due to an event during gestation up to the moment of birth
Congenital
An absence, malformation or imperfection
Defect
Persistent high arterial blood pressure
Hypertension
Suffering from hypertension
Hypertensive
Persistent low arterial blood pressure
Hypotension
Precursor to hypertension
Prehypertension
Difficulty in breathing when lying flat
Orthopnea
Pertaining to or affected by orthopnea
Orthopneic
An open, direct channel between the aorta and the pulmonary artery
Patent ductus arteriosus
A bypass or diversion of fluid
Shunt
Combination of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease process
Syndrome
Set of four congenital heart defects occurring together
Tetralogy of Fallot TOF
Hollow tube that allows passage of fluid into or out of a body cavity organ or vessel
Catheter
To introduce a catheter
Catheterize
Introduction of a catheter
Catheterization
Enzyme elevated in plasma following heart muscle damage in myocardial infarction
Creatine kinase
An amino acid similar to cysteine
Homocysteine
Molecules made of combinations of fat and protein
Lipoprotein
Protein that increase the excretion of sodium
Natriuretic peptide
Instrument that uses sound waves to create images of structures
Sonograph
The technician who performs a sonogram
Sonographer
Image obtained by using a sonograph
Sonogram
Radio graphic image of selected slice of tissue
Tomography
Device that converts energy from one form to another
Transducer
Any of a group of gays containing three fatty acids
Triglyceride
Removal of s tissue to destroy its function
Ablation
Relating to the autonomic nervous system
Adrenergic
Recanalization of blood vessel by surgery
Angioplasty
An agent that constricts blood vessels
Angiotensin
Second letter in the Greek alphabet
Beta
Affecting the rate of rhythmic movements
Chronotropic
Agent that increases curing output
Diuretic
Affecting the contractility of cardiac muscle
Inotropic
Wire mesh tube used to keep arteries open
Stent
Radiograph obtained after injection of radioplaque contrast material into blood vessels
Angiogram
Thick-walled blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart
Artery
Continuous movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels
Circulation
Intermittent leg pain and limping
Claudication
Dilated, tortuous vein
Varix
Characterized by varices
Varicose
Collection of varicose veins
Varicosities
Blood vessel carrying blood toward heart
Vein
Radiograph of veins after injection of radioplaque contrast material
Venogram
Pertaining to venous blood or the venous circulation
Venous
Pertaining to the head and arm as an artery supplying blood to both
Brachiocephalic
Main artery of the neck
Carotid
Pertaining to or near the ilium
Iliac
Pertaining to the back of the knee
Popliteal
Underneath the clavicle
Subclavian
Small terminal artery leading into the capillary network
Arteriole
Medical name for the armpit
Axilla
Pertaining to the axilla
Axillary
Pertaining to the arm
Brachial
Minute blood vessel between the arterial and venous system
Capillary
Pertaining to the femur
Femoral
Pertaining to the throat
Jugular
Relating to the saphenous vein in the thigh
Saphenous
Small vein leading from the capillary network
Venule
Outer layer of connective tissue covering blood vessels or organs
Adventitia
Inner layer of a structure, particularly a blood vessel
Intima
Middle layer of a structure
Media
Pertaining to the foot
Pedal
Pertaining to the forearm
Radial
Instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer
A layer in the wall of a blood vessel or other tubular structure
Tunica
Reduction in diameter of a blood vessel
Vasoconstriction
Increase in the diameter of s blood vessel
Vasodilation
A procedure during a physical examination in which temperature pulse rate respiration rate and blood pressure are measured to assess General health and cardio respiratory function
Vital signs
Circumscribed dilation of an artery or cardiac chamber
Aneurysm
Situated at the side, often to bypass an obstruction
Collateral
Excessive accumulation of fluid in cells and tissues
Edema
Pertaining to or marked by edema
Edematous
Edema that maintains for a time indentations made by applying pressure to the area
Putting edema
Detached piece of thrombus a mass of bacteria quality of air or foreign body that blocks a blood vessel
Embolus
Inflammation of a vein
Phlebitis
Person skilled in taking blood from veins
Phlebotomist
Taking blood from a vein
Phlebotomy
To collapse a vein by injecting a solution into it to harden it
Sclerotherapy
A piece of detached blood clot
Thromboembolism
Inflammation of a vein with clot formation
Thrombophlebitis
