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Medical Terminology > Chapter 17 - Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Pertaining to a gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion

A

Endocrine

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2
Q

Medical specialty concerned with the production and effects of hormones

A

Endocrinology

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3
Q

A medical specialist in endocrinology

A

Endocrinologist

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4
Q

A collection of cells functioning as a secretory or excretory organ

A

Gland

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5
Q

Chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

A

Hormone

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6
Q

Pertaining to a hormone or the endocrine system

A

Hormonal

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7
Q

Hormone secreted by adipose tissue

A

Leptin

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8
Q

Hormone formed by the pineal gland

A

Melatonin

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9
Q

Hypothalamic hormone, stored in the posterior pituitary, that stimulates the uterus to contract

A

Oxytocin

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10
Q

Endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

A

Parathyroid

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11
Q

Pertaining to the pineal gland

A

Pineal

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12
Q

Pertaining to the pituitary gland

A

Pituitary

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13
Q

Hormone present in many tissues, but first isolated from prostate gland

A

Prostaglandin

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14
Q

Depression that occurs at the same time every year, often in winter

A

Seasonal affective disorder

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15
Q

A neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system

A

Serotonin

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16
Q

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Adenohypophysis

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17
Q

The suprarenal, or adrenal, gland on the upper pole of each kidney

A

Adrenal gland

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18
Q

Hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormones

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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19
Q

Posterior pituitary hormone that decreases ruined output by acting on the kidney

A

Antidiuretic hormone

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20
Q

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

A

Corticosteroid

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21
Q

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone

A

Corticotropin

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22
Q

Another name for the pituitary gland

A

Hypophysis

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23
Q

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Neurohypophysis

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24
Q

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk

A

Prolactin

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25
Q

Hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates growth of body tissues

A

Somatotropin

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26
Q

Endocrine gland in the neck, of a cartilage of the larynx

A

Thyroid

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27
Q

Hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland

A

Thyrotropin

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28
Q

Thyroid hormone T4, tertaiodothyronine

A

Thyroxine

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29
Q

Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to produce hormones

A

Tropic

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30
Q

Enlargement of the head, face, hands, and feet due to excess growth hormone in an adult

A

Acromegaly

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31
Q

Excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate ADH production

A

Diabetes insipidus

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32
Q

Short stature due to underproduction of growth hormone

A

Dwarfism

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33
Q

Abnormal height and size of entire body

A

Gigantism

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34
Q

Condition of one or more deficient pituitary hormones

A

Hypopituitarism

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35
Q

Deficiency of all the pituitary hormones

A

Panhypopituitarism

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36
Q

Condition of a forward projecting jaw

A

Prognathism

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37
Q

Prolactin producing tumor

A

Prolactinoma

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38
Q

Thyroid hormone that moves calcium from blood to bones

A

Calcitonin

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39
Q

Abnormal thinness

A

Emaciation

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40
Q

Abnormally thin and wasted

A

Emaciated

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41
Q

Excessive level of calcium in the blood

A

Hypercalcemia

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42
Q

Chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease

A

Iodine

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43
Q

Collective term for the two thyroid hormones T3 and T4

A

Thyroid hormone

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44
Q

Medical crisis and emergency due to excess thyroid hormone

A

Thyroid storm

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45
Q

Thyroid hormone T4 tetraiodothyronine

A

Thyroxine

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46
Q

Thyroid hormone T3

A

Triiodothyronine

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47
Q

A substance that inhibits production of thyroid hormones

A

Antithyroid

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48
Q

Normal thyroid function

A

Euthyroid

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49
Q

Protrusion of the eyeball

A

Exophthalmos

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50
Q

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

Goiter

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51
Q

Hyperthyroidism with toxic goiter

A

Graves’ disease

52
Q

Autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland

A

Hashimoto disease

53
Q

Excessive production of thyroid hormones

A

Hyperthyroidism

54
Q

Severe hypothyroidism

A

Myxedema

55
Q

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland

A

Thyroidectomy

56
Q

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

A

Thyroiditis

57
Q

Disorder produced by excessive thyroid hormone production

A

Thyrotoxicosis

58
Q

A person with severe congenital hypothyroidism

A

Cretin

59
Q

Condition of severe congenital hypothyroidism

A

Cretinism

60
Q

Deficient production of thyroid hormones

A

Hypothyroidism

61
Q

Radioactive element

A

Isotope

62
Q

Of identical chemical composition

A

Isotopic

63
Q

Additional treatment after s primary treatment has been used

A

Adjuvant

64
Q

That which heals or cures

A

Curative

65
Q

Congenital absence of the thymus gland

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

66
Q

Endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

A

Parsthyroid

67
Q

Excessive levels of parathyroid hormone

A

Hyperparathyroidism

68
Q

Deficient levels of parathyroid hormone

A

Hypoparathyroidism

69
Q

Severe muscle twitches, cramps, and spams

A

Tetany

70
Q

Surgical removal of the thymus gland

A

Thymectomy

71
Q

Benign tumor of the thymus

A

Thymoma

72
Q

Endocrine gland located in the mediastinum

A

Thymus

73
Q

An autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids

A

Addison disease

74
Q

The suprarenal of adrenal gland on the upper pole of each kidney

A

Adrenal gland

75
Q

One of the catecholamines

A

Adrenaline / epinephrine

76
Q

Pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland

A

Adrenocortical

77
Q

Mineralcorticoid hormone of the adrenal cortex

A

Aldosterone

78
Q

Any major hormones in stress response

A

Catecholamine

79
Q

One of the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal complex

A

Corticoid

80
Q

One of the glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal complex; has anti-inflammatory effects

A

Cortisol

81
Q

Precursor to testosterone; produced in the adrenal cortex

A

Dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA

82
Q

Hormone of the adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism

A

Glucocorticoid

83
Q

Hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism

A

Mineralocorticoid

84
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter that is a catecholamine hormone of the adrenal gland

A

Norepinephrine

85
Q

Removal of part of all of an adrenal gland

A

Adrenalectomy

86
Q

Hypersecretion of androgens from the adrenal gland

A

Adrenogenital syndrome

87
Q

Condition caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone

A

Aldosteronism

88
Q

Benign adenoma of the adrenal cortex

A

Conn Syndrome / aldosteronoma

89
Q

Hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex

A

Cushing syndrome

90
Q

Facial expression and features characteristic of a specific disease

A

Facies

91
Q

Excessive body and facial hair

A

Hirsutism

92
Q

A disease attacking a person who already has another disease

A

Intercurrent

93
Q

Adenoma of the adrenal medulla secreting excessive catecholamines

A

Pheochromocytoma

94
Q

Development of masculine characteristics by a women or girl

A

Virilism

95
Q

Pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels

A

Glycogen

96
Q

Formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

A

Gluconeogenesis is l

97
Q

Conversion of glycogen to glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

98
Q

A hormone secreted by the islet cells of the pancreas

A

Insulin

99
Q

Areas of pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon

A

Islets of langerhans

100
Q

Lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum

A

Pancreas

101
Q

Pertaining to the pancreas

A

Pancreatic

102
Q

Hormone that inhibits release of growth hormone and insulin

A

Somatostatin

103
Q

Antibody produced in response to an antigen from the hosts own tissue

A

Autoantibody

104
Q

Metabolic syndrome caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency and or insulin ineffectiveness

A

Diabetes mellitus

105
Q

Pertaining to or suffering from diabetes

A

Diabetic

106
Q

Low level of glucose in the blood

A

Hypoglycemia

107
Q

Pertaining to or suffering from hypoglycemia

A

Hypoglycemic

108
Q

Ketone that is found in blood, urine, and breath when diabetes mellitus is out of control

A

Acetone

109
Q

High level of glucose in blood

A

Hyperglycemia

110
Q

Pertaining to high blood sugar

A

Hyperglycemic

111
Q

Marked hyperglycemia without ketoacidosis

A

Hyperosmolar

112
Q

Excessive production of ketones, making the blood acid

A

Ketoacidosis

113
Q

Chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation

A

Ketone

114
Q

Excessive production of ketones

A

Ketosis

115
Q

Decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism

A

Metabolic acidosis

116
Q

An abnormal sensation

A

Paresthesia

117
Q

Excessive thirst

A

Polydipsia

118
Q

Excessive eating

A

Polyphagia

119
Q

Excessive production of urine

A

Polyuria

120
Q

Salt solution

A

Saline

121
Q

Organic compound with fructose as its base

A

Fructosamine

122
Q

Hemoglobin A fraction linked to glucose

A

Glycosylated hemoglobin

123
Q

Biochemical test that uses the reaction of an antibody to its antigen to measure the amount of substance in a liquid

A

Immunoassay

124
Q

Presence of very small quantities of albumin in urine that cannot be detected by conventional urine testing

A

Microalbuminuria

125
Q

Agent of process that aids the action of another

A

Synergist

126
Q

Working together

A

Synergistic

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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