Chapter 17 - Endocrine System Flashcards
Pertaining to a gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion
Endocrine
Medical specialty concerned with the production and effects of hormones
Endocrinology
A medical specialist in endocrinology
Endocrinologist
A collection of cells functioning as a secretory or excretory organ
Gland
Chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ
Hormone
Pertaining to a hormone or the endocrine system
Hormonal
Hormone secreted by adipose tissue
Leptin
Hormone formed by the pineal gland
Melatonin
Hypothalamic hormone, stored in the posterior pituitary, that stimulates the uterus to contract
Oxytocin
Endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland
Parathyroid
Pertaining to the pineal gland
Pineal
Pertaining to the pituitary gland
Pituitary
Hormone present in many tissues, but first isolated from prostate gland
Prostaglandin
Depression that occurs at the same time every year, often in winter
Seasonal affective disorder
A neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system
Serotonin
Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Adenohypophysis
The suprarenal, or adrenal, gland on the upper pole of each kidney
Adrenal gland
Hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Posterior pituitary hormone that decreases ruined output by acting on the kidney
Antidiuretic hormone
A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
Corticosteroid
Pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone
Corticotropin
Another name for the pituitary gland
Hypophysis
Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Neurohypophysis
Pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk
Prolactin
Hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates growth of body tissues
Somatotropin
Endocrine gland in the neck, of a cartilage of the larynx
Thyroid
Hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland
Thyrotropin
Thyroid hormone T4, tertaiodothyronine
Thyroxine
Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to produce hormones
Tropic
Enlargement of the head, face, hands, and feet due to excess growth hormone in an adult
Acromegaly
Excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate ADH production
Diabetes insipidus
Short stature due to underproduction of growth hormone
Dwarfism
Abnormal height and size of entire body
Gigantism
Condition of one or more deficient pituitary hormones
Hypopituitarism
Deficiency of all the pituitary hormones
Panhypopituitarism
Condition of a forward projecting jaw
Prognathism
Prolactin producing tumor
Prolactinoma
Thyroid hormone that moves calcium from blood to bones
Calcitonin
Abnormal thinness
Emaciation
Abnormally thin and wasted
Emaciated
Excessive level of calcium in the blood
Hypercalcemia
Chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease
Iodine
Collective term for the two thyroid hormones T3 and T4
Thyroid hormone
Medical crisis and emergency due to excess thyroid hormone
Thyroid storm
Thyroid hormone T4 tetraiodothyronine
Thyroxine
Thyroid hormone T3
Triiodothyronine
A substance that inhibits production of thyroid hormones
Antithyroid
Normal thyroid function
Euthyroid
Protrusion of the eyeball
Exophthalmos
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
Goiter
Hyperthyroidism with toxic goiter
Graves’ disease
Autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland
Hashimoto disease
Excessive production of thyroid hormones
Hyperthyroidism
Severe hypothyroidism
Myxedema
Surgical removal of the thyroid gland
Thyroidectomy
Inflammation of the thyroid gland
Thyroiditis
Disorder produced by excessive thyroid hormone production
Thyrotoxicosis
A person with severe congenital hypothyroidism
Cretin
Condition of severe congenital hypothyroidism
Cretinism
Deficient production of thyroid hormones
Hypothyroidism
Radioactive element
Isotope
Of identical chemical composition
Isotopic
Additional treatment after s primary treatment has been used
Adjuvant
That which heals or cures
Curative
Congenital absence of the thymus gland
DiGeorge Syndrome
Endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland
Parsthyroid
Excessive levels of parathyroid hormone
Hyperparathyroidism
Deficient levels of parathyroid hormone
Hypoparathyroidism
Severe muscle twitches, cramps, and spams
Tetany
Surgical removal of the thymus gland
Thymectomy
Benign tumor of the thymus
Thymoma
Endocrine gland located in the mediastinum
Thymus
An autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids
Addison disease
The suprarenal of adrenal gland on the upper pole of each kidney
Adrenal gland
One of the catecholamines
Adrenaline / epinephrine
Pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland
Adrenocortical
Mineralcorticoid hormone of the adrenal cortex
Aldosterone
Any major hormones in stress response
Catecholamine
One of the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal complex
Corticoid
One of the glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal complex; has anti-inflammatory effects
Cortisol
Precursor to testosterone; produced in the adrenal cortex
Dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA
Hormone of the adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism
Glucocorticoid
Hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism
Mineralocorticoid
Parasympathetic neurotransmitter that is a catecholamine hormone of the adrenal gland
Norepinephrine
Removal of part of all of an adrenal gland
Adrenalectomy
Hypersecretion of androgens from the adrenal gland
Adrenogenital syndrome
Condition caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone
Aldosteronism
Benign adenoma of the adrenal cortex
Conn Syndrome / aldosteronoma
Hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex
Cushing syndrome
Facial expression and features characteristic of a specific disease
Facies
Excessive body and facial hair
Hirsutism
A disease attacking a person who already has another disease
Intercurrent
Adenoma of the adrenal medulla secreting excessive catecholamines
Pheochromocytoma
Development of masculine characteristics by a women or girl
Virilism
Pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels
Glycogen
Formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
Gluconeogenesis is l
Conversion of glycogen to glucose
Glycogenolysis
A hormone secreted by the islet cells of the pancreas
Insulin
Areas of pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon
Islets of langerhans
Lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum
Pancreas
Pertaining to the pancreas
Pancreatic
Hormone that inhibits release of growth hormone and insulin
Somatostatin
Antibody produced in response to an antigen from the hosts own tissue
Autoantibody
Metabolic syndrome caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency and or insulin ineffectiveness
Diabetes mellitus
Pertaining to or suffering from diabetes
Diabetic
Low level of glucose in the blood
Hypoglycemia
Pertaining to or suffering from hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemic
Ketone that is found in blood, urine, and breath when diabetes mellitus is out of control
Acetone
High level of glucose in blood
Hyperglycemia
Pertaining to high blood sugar
Hyperglycemic
Marked hyperglycemia without ketoacidosis
Hyperosmolar
Excessive production of ketones, making the blood acid
Ketoacidosis
Chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation
Ketone
Excessive production of ketones
Ketosis
Decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism
Metabolic acidosis
An abnormal sensation
Paresthesia
Excessive thirst
Polydipsia
Excessive eating
Polyphagia
Excessive production of urine
Polyuria
Salt solution
Saline
Organic compound with fructose as its base
Fructosamine
Hemoglobin A fraction linked to glucose
Glycosylated hemoglobin
Biochemical test that uses the reaction of an antibody to its antigen to measure the amount of substance in a liquid
Immunoassay
Presence of very small quantities of albumin in urine that cannot be detected by conventional urine testing
Microalbuminuria
Agent of process that aids the action of another
Synergist
Working together
Synergistic
