Chapter 13 - Respiratory System Flashcards
Tiny air sac terminal element of the respiratory tract
Alveolus
One of two subdivisions of the trachea
Bronchus
Tube inserted into a cavity or blood vessel as a channel for fluid of gases
Cannula
Hairlike motile projection from the surface of a cell
Cilium
Organ of voice production
Larynx
Sense of smell
Olfaction / olfactory
Air tube from the back of the nose to the larynx
Pharynx
Pertaining to the lungs and their blood supply
Pulmonary
Study of the lungs, of the medical specialty of disorders of the respiratory tract
Pulmonary
Medical specialist in pulmonary disorders
Pulmonologist
Crackle heard through a stethoscope when air bubbles through liquid in the lungs
Rale
Fundamental process of life used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
Respiration
Another name for ventilator
Respirator
An instrument used to measure respiratory volumes
Spirometer
Use of a spirometer
Spirometry
Matter coughed up and spat out by individuals with respiratory disorders
Sputum
The trunk between the abdomen and neck
Thorax
Pertaining to the thorax
Thoracic
Air tube from the larynx to the bronchi
Trachea
Movement of gases into and out of the lungs
Ventilation
Device that breathes for the patient
Ventilator
Agent or device used to burn or scar a tissue
Cautery
Shell shaped bone on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
Concha
Viral inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose
Coryza / rhinitis
Agent that reduces the swelling and fluid in the nose and sinuses
Decongestant
Nosebleed
Epistaxis
Passage or channel
Meatus
Mixture of pus and mucus
Mucopurulent
Nostril
Naris
Pertaining to the nose
Nasal
Adjacent to the nose
Paranasal
Surgical procedure to change the size or shape of the nose
Rhinoplasty
Cavity or hollow space in a bone or other tissue
Sinus
Inflammation of the lining of a sinus
Sinusitis
Another name for the nasal conchae on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Turbinate
Single mass of lymphoid tissue in midline at the back of the throat
Adenoid
Below normal levels of oxygen in the body as a whole or region of the body
Hypoxia
Decreases levels of oxygen in the blood
Hypoxemia
Complete deprivation of oxygen supply
Anoxia
Region of the pharynx below the epiglottis that includes the larynx
Laryngopharynx
Region of the pharynx at the back of the nose above the soft palate
Nasopharyx
Pertaining to the nasopharynx
Nasopharyngeal
Region at the back of the mouth between the soft palate and the tip of the epiglottis
Oropharynx
Air tube from the back of the nose to the larynx
Pharynx
Inflammation of the pharynx
Pharyngitis
Pertaining to the pharynx
Pharyngeal
Test to monitor brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, and oxygen levels in the blood as the patient sleeps
Polysomnography
Noise produced by vibrations in the structures of the nasopharynx
Snore
Mass of lymphoid tissue in either side of the throat at the back of the tongue
Tonsil
Inflammation of the tonsils
Tonsillitis
Surgical removal of the tonsils
Tonsillectomy
Loss of voice
Aphonia
Ring shaped cartilage in the larynx
Cricoid
Infection of the upper airways in children
Croup / laryngotracheobronchitis
Leaf shaped plate of cartilage that shits off the larynx during swallowing
Epiglottis
Inflammation of the epiglottis
Epiglottitis
The opening from the oropharynx into the larynx
Glottis
Any muscle whose origin and insertion are entirely within the structure under consideration
Intrinsic
Insertion of a tube into the trachea
Intubation
Organ of voice production
Larynx
Inflammation of the larynx
Laryngitis
Hollow tube with a light and camera used to visualize or operate on the larynx
Laryngoscope
Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
Croup
High pitched noise made when there is respiratory obstruction in the larynx or trachea
Stridor
Gland in the neck or a cartilage of the larynx
Thyroid
Pertaining to the voice
Vocal
Musculoligamentous partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
Diaphragm
Pertaining to the diaphragm
Diaphragmatic
Deep furrow or cleft
Fissure
The site where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ
Hilum
Subdivision of an organ of other part
Lobe
Pertaining to or part of a lobe
Lobar
Area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus and trachea
Mediastinum
Pertaining to or part of the mediastinum
Mediastinal
Characteristic functional cells of a gland or organ that are supported by the connective tissue framework
Parenchyma
Connective tissue framework that supports the parenchyma of an organ or gland
Stroma
Pertaining to the trachea
Trachealis
Breathe out
Expiration
Expand with air
Inflate
Process of expanding with air
Inflation
Breathe in
Inspiration
Pertaining to the outer layer of the pericardium and other body cavities
Parietal
The tissue covering the heart
Pericardium
Membrane covering the lungs and lining the ribs in the thoracic cavity
Pleura
Pertaining to the pleura
Pleural
Inflammation of the pleura
Pleurisy
Pertaining to pleurisy
Pleuritic
A protein and fat compound that creates surface tension to hold lung alveolar walls apart
Surfactant
Slow breathing
Bradypnea
Measure of the capacity of a chamber or hollow viscous to expand
Compliance
Blue discoloration of the skin, lips and nail beds due to low levels of oxygen in the blood
Cyanosis
Marked by cyanosis
Cyanotic
Difficulty breathing
Dyspnea
Normal breathing
Eupnea
Breathe out
Exhale
Cough up and spit out mucus from the respiratory tract
Expectorate
Bloody sputum
Hemoptysis
Deeper and more rapid breathing than normal
Hyperpnea
Breathe in
Inhale
Abnormal amounts of mucus expectorated from the respiratory tract
Phlegm
Rapid breathing
Tachypnea
Episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways
Asthma
Diagnostic method of listening to body sounds with a stethoscope
Auscultation
Chronic dilation of the bronchi following inflammatory disease and obstruction
Bronchiectasis
Inflammation of the small bronchioles
Bronchiolitis
Reduction in diameter of a bronchus
Bronchoconstriction
Bubble like dilated structure
Bulla
Right sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease
Cor pulmonale
Generic disease in which excessive viscid mucus obstructs passage including bronchi
Cystic fibrosis
Dilation of respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
Emphysema
Abnormal increase of carbon dioxide in the arterial bloodstream
Hypercapnia
Overdistension of pulmonary alveoli with air resulting from airway obstruction
Hyperinflation
Excessive secretion of mucus
Hypersecretion
A pulling back, as a pulling back of the intercostal space and the neck above the clavicle
Retraction
Wheezing sound heard on auscultation of the lungs, made by air passing through a constricted lumen
Rhonchus
Lung disease caused by the inhalation of coal dust
Anthracosis
Lung disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos particles
Asbestosis
Collapse of part of the lung
Atelectasis
Arising from a bronchus
Bronchogenic
Acute inflammation of the walls of small bronchioles with spread to lung parenchyma
Bronchopneumonia
Pus in a body cavity
Empyema
Condition in which three or more consecutive ribs have been fractions, resulting in uncontrolled movement of that segment of the chest
Flail chest
Blood in the pleural cavity
Hemothorax
Pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology
Idiopathic
Cancer arising from the cells lining the pleura of peritoneum
Mesothelioma
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma
Pneumonia
Fibrotic lung disease caused by the inhalation of different dusts
Pneumoconiosis
Air in the pleural cavity
Pneumothorax
Granulomatous lesions of lungs and other organs; cause is unknown
Sarcoidosis
Fibrotic lung disease from inhaling silica particles
Sillcosis
Insertion of a needle into the pleural cavity to withdraw fluid or air
Thoracentesis
A piece of detached blood clot blocking a distant blood vessel
Thromboembolism
Infectious disease that can infect an organ or tissue
Tuberculosis
Liquid or particulate material in a stable suspension that can be inhaled
Aerosol
Agent that reduces inflammation by acting on the body’s response mechanism without affecting the causative agent
Anti-inflammatory
Agent that increases the diameter of a bronchus
Bronchodilator
An instrument to administer medications by inhalation
Inhaler
Agent capable of dissolving or liquefying mucus
Mucolytic
Device used to deliver liquid medicine in the fine mist
Nebulizer
The gas essential for life
Oxygen
An instrument used to measure respiratory volumes
Spirometer
Endoscope used for bronchoscopy
Bronchoscope
Examination of the interior of the tracheobrochial tree with an endoscope
Bronchoscopy
Pertaining to being inside the trachea
Endotracheal
Surgical removal of a lobe of the lungs
Lobectomy
Examination of the mediastinum using an endoscope
Mediastinoscopy
Surgical removal of a lung
Pneumonectomy
Removal of a specific part of an organ or structure
Resection
Surgical excision of a segment of a tissue or organ
Segmentectomy
Incision through the chest wall
Thoracotomy
Radiographic image of a selected slice or section of tissue
Tomography
Surgical opening into the windpipe, through which a tube can be inserted to assist breathing
Tracheostomy
Incision made into the trachea to create a tracheostomy
Tracheotomy
Delineation of deep structures using sound waves
Ultrasonography
