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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Tiny air sac terminal element of the respiratory tract

A

Alveolus

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2
Q

One of two subdivisions of the trachea

A

Bronchus

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3
Q

Tube inserted into a cavity or blood vessel as a channel for fluid of gases

A

Cannula

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4
Q

Hairlike motile projection from the surface of a cell

A

Cilium

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5
Q

Organ of voice production

A

Larynx

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6
Q

Sense of smell

A

Olfaction / olfactory

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7
Q

Air tube from the back of the nose to the larynx

A

Pharynx

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8
Q

Pertaining to the lungs and their blood supply

A

Pulmonary

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9
Q

Study of the lungs, of the medical specialty of disorders of the respiratory tract

A

Pulmonary

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10
Q

Medical specialist in pulmonary disorders

A

Pulmonologist

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11
Q

Crackle heard through a stethoscope when air bubbles through liquid in the lungs

A

Rale

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12
Q

Fundamental process of life used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Respiration

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13
Q

Another name for ventilator

A

Respirator

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14
Q

An instrument used to measure respiratory volumes

A

Spirometer

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15
Q

Use of a spirometer

A

Spirometry

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16
Q

Matter coughed up and spat out by individuals with respiratory disorders

A

Sputum

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17
Q

The trunk between the abdomen and neck

A

Thorax

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18
Q

Pertaining to the thorax

A

Thoracic

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19
Q

Air tube from the larynx to the bronchi

A

Trachea

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20
Q

Movement of gases into and out of the lungs

A

Ventilation

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21
Q

Device that breathes for the patient

A

Ventilator

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22
Q

Agent or device used to burn or scar a tissue

A

Cautery

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23
Q

Shell shaped bone on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

Concha

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24
Q

Viral inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose

A

Coryza / rhinitis

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25
Q

Agent that reduces the swelling and fluid in the nose and sinuses

A

Decongestant

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26
Q

Nosebleed

A

Epistaxis

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27
Q

Passage or channel

A

Meatus

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28
Q

Mixture of pus and mucus

A

Mucopurulent

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29
Q

Nostril

A

Naris

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30
Q

Pertaining to the nose

A

Nasal

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31
Q

Adjacent to the nose

A

Paranasal

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32
Q

Surgical procedure to change the size or shape of the nose

A

Rhinoplasty

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33
Q

Cavity or hollow space in a bone or other tissue

A

Sinus

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34
Q

Inflammation of the lining of a sinus

A

Sinusitis

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35
Q

Another name for the nasal conchae on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

A

Turbinate

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36
Q

Single mass of lymphoid tissue in midline at the back of the throat

A

Adenoid

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37
Q

Below normal levels of oxygen in the body as a whole or region of the body

A

Hypoxia

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38
Q

Decreases levels of oxygen in the blood

A

Hypoxemia

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39
Q

Complete deprivation of oxygen supply

A

Anoxia

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40
Q

Region of the pharynx below the epiglottis that includes the larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

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41
Q

Region of the pharynx at the back of the nose above the soft palate

A

Nasopharyx

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42
Q

Pertaining to the nasopharynx

A

Nasopharyngeal

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43
Q

Region at the back of the mouth between the soft palate and the tip of the epiglottis

A

Oropharynx

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44
Q

Air tube from the back of the nose to the larynx

A

Pharynx

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45
Q

Inflammation of the pharynx

A

Pharyngitis

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46
Q

Pertaining to the pharynx

A

Pharyngeal

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47
Q

Test to monitor brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, and oxygen levels in the blood as the patient sleeps

A

Polysomnography

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48
Q

Noise produced by vibrations in the structures of the nasopharynx

A

Snore

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49
Q

Mass of lymphoid tissue in either side of the throat at the back of the tongue

A

Tonsil

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50
Q

Inflammation of the tonsils

A

Tonsillitis

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51
Q

Surgical removal of the tonsils

A

Tonsillectomy

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52
Q

Loss of voice

A

Aphonia

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53
Q

Ring shaped cartilage in the larynx

A

Cricoid

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54
Q

Infection of the upper airways in children

A

Croup / laryngotracheobronchitis

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55
Q

Leaf shaped plate of cartilage that shits off the larynx during swallowing

A

Epiglottis

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56
Q

Inflammation of the epiglottis

A

Epiglottitis

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57
Q

The opening from the oropharynx into the larynx

A

Glottis

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58
Q

Any muscle whose origin and insertion are entirely within the structure under consideration

A

Intrinsic

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59
Q

Insertion of a tube into the trachea

A

Intubation

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60
Q

Organ of voice production

A

Larynx

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61
Q

Inflammation of the larynx

A

Laryngitis

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62
Q

Hollow tube with a light and camera used to visualize or operate on the larynx

A

Laryngoscope

63
Q

Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi

A

Croup

64
Q

High pitched noise made when there is respiratory obstruction in the larynx or trachea

A

Stridor

65
Q

Gland in the neck or a cartilage of the larynx

A

Thyroid

66
Q

Pertaining to the voice

A

Vocal

67
Q

Musculoligamentous partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

A

Diaphragm

68
Q

Pertaining to the diaphragm

A

Diaphragmatic

69
Q

Deep furrow or cleft

A

Fissure

70
Q

The site where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ

A

Hilum

71
Q

Subdivision of an organ of other part

A

Lobe

72
Q

Pertaining to or part of a lobe

A

Lobar

73
Q

Area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus and trachea

A

Mediastinum

74
Q

Pertaining to or part of the mediastinum

A

Mediastinal

75
Q

Characteristic functional cells of a gland or organ that are supported by the connective tissue framework

A

Parenchyma

76
Q

Connective tissue framework that supports the parenchyma of an organ or gland

A

Stroma

77
Q

Pertaining to the trachea

A

Trachealis

78
Q

Breathe out

A

Expiration

79
Q

Expand with air

A

Inflate

80
Q

Process of expanding with air

A

Inflation

81
Q

Breathe in

A

Inspiration

82
Q

Pertaining to the outer layer of the pericardium and other body cavities

A

Parietal

83
Q

The tissue covering the heart

A

Pericardium

84
Q

Membrane covering the lungs and lining the ribs in the thoracic cavity

A

Pleura

85
Q

Pertaining to the pleura

A

Pleural

86
Q

Inflammation of the pleura

A

Pleurisy

87
Q

Pertaining to pleurisy

A

Pleuritic

88
Q

A protein and fat compound that creates surface tension to hold lung alveolar walls apart

A

Surfactant

89
Q

Slow breathing

A

Bradypnea

90
Q

Measure of the capacity of a chamber or hollow viscous to expand

A

Compliance

91
Q

Blue discoloration of the skin, lips and nail beds due to low levels of oxygen in the blood

A

Cyanosis

92
Q

Marked by cyanosis

A

Cyanotic

93
Q

Difficulty breathing

A

Dyspnea

94
Q

Normal breathing

A

Eupnea

95
Q

Breathe out

A

Exhale

96
Q

Cough up and spit out mucus from the respiratory tract

A

Expectorate

97
Q

Bloody sputum

A

Hemoptysis

98
Q

Deeper and more rapid breathing than normal

A

Hyperpnea

99
Q

Breathe in

A

Inhale

100
Q

Abnormal amounts of mucus expectorated from the respiratory tract

A

Phlegm

101
Q

Rapid breathing

A

Tachypnea

102
Q

Episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways

A

Asthma

103
Q

Diagnostic method of listening to body sounds with a stethoscope

A

Auscultation

104
Q

Chronic dilation of the bronchi following inflammatory disease and obstruction

A

Bronchiectasis

105
Q

Inflammation of the small bronchioles

A

Bronchiolitis

106
Q

Reduction in diameter of a bronchus

A

Bronchoconstriction

107
Q

Bubble like dilated structure

A

Bulla

108
Q

Right sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease

A

Cor pulmonale

109
Q

Generic disease in which excessive viscid mucus obstructs passage including bronchi

A

Cystic fibrosis

110
Q

Dilation of respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

A

Emphysema

111
Q

Abnormal increase of carbon dioxide in the arterial bloodstream

A

Hypercapnia

112
Q

Overdistension of pulmonary alveoli with air resulting from airway obstruction

A

Hyperinflation

113
Q

Excessive secretion of mucus

A

Hypersecretion

114
Q

A pulling back, as a pulling back of the intercostal space and the neck above the clavicle

A

Retraction

115
Q

Wheezing sound heard on auscultation of the lungs, made by air passing through a constricted lumen

A

Rhonchus

116
Q

Lung disease caused by the inhalation of coal dust

A

Anthracosis

117
Q

Lung disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos particles

A

Asbestosis

118
Q

Collapse of part of the lung

A

Atelectasis

119
Q

Arising from a bronchus

A

Bronchogenic

120
Q

Acute inflammation of the walls of small bronchioles with spread to lung parenchyma

A

Bronchopneumonia

121
Q

Pus in a body cavity

A

Empyema

122
Q

Condition in which three or more consecutive ribs have been fractions, resulting in uncontrolled movement of that segment of the chest

A

Flail chest

123
Q

Blood in the pleural cavity

A

Hemothorax

124
Q

Pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology

A

Idiopathic

125
Q

Cancer arising from the cells lining the pleura of peritoneum

A

Mesothelioma

126
Q

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma

A

Pneumonia

127
Q

Fibrotic lung disease caused by the inhalation of different dusts

A

Pneumoconiosis

128
Q

Air in the pleural cavity

A

Pneumothorax

129
Q

Granulomatous lesions of lungs and other organs; cause is unknown

A

Sarcoidosis

130
Q

Fibrotic lung disease from inhaling silica particles

A

Sillcosis

131
Q

Insertion of a needle into the pleural cavity to withdraw fluid or air

A

Thoracentesis

132
Q

A piece of detached blood clot blocking a distant blood vessel

A

Thromboembolism

133
Q

Infectious disease that can infect an organ or tissue

A

Tuberculosis

134
Q

Liquid or particulate material in a stable suspension that can be inhaled

A

Aerosol

135
Q

Agent that reduces inflammation by acting on the body’s response mechanism without affecting the causative agent

A

Anti-inflammatory

136
Q

Agent that increases the diameter of a bronchus

A

Bronchodilator

137
Q

An instrument to administer medications by inhalation

A

Inhaler

138
Q

Agent capable of dissolving or liquefying mucus

A

Mucolytic

139
Q

Device used to deliver liquid medicine in the fine mist

A

Nebulizer

140
Q

The gas essential for life

A

Oxygen

141
Q

An instrument used to measure respiratory volumes

A

Spirometer

142
Q

Endoscope used for bronchoscopy

A

Bronchoscope

143
Q

Examination of the interior of the tracheobrochial tree with an endoscope

A

Bronchoscopy

144
Q

Pertaining to being inside the trachea

A

Endotracheal

145
Q

Surgical removal of a lobe of the lungs

A

Lobectomy

146
Q

Examination of the mediastinum using an endoscope

A

Mediastinoscopy

147
Q

Surgical removal of a lung

A

Pneumonectomy

148
Q

Removal of a specific part of an organ or structure

A

Resection

149
Q

Surgical excision of a segment of a tissue or organ

A

Segmentectomy

150
Q

Incision through the chest wall

A

Thoracotomy

151
Q

Radiographic image of a selected slice or section of tissue

A

Tomography

152
Q

Surgical opening into the windpipe, through which a tube can be inserted to assist breathing

A

Tracheostomy

153
Q

Incision made into the trachea to create a tracheostomy

A

Tracheotomy

154
Q

Delineation of deep structures using sound waves

A

Ultrasonography

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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