Chapter 14 - Muscoskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
Nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints
A
Cartilage
2
Q
Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system
A
Chiropractic
3
Q
Practitioner of chiropractic
A
Chiropractor
4
Q
Removal of poison from a tissue or substance
A
Detoxification
5
Q
Band of fibrous tissue connection two structures
A
Ligament
6
Q
Tissue consisting of contractile cells
A
Muscle
7
Q
Pertaining to the muscles and the bony skeleton
A
Musculoskeletal
8
Q
Pertaining to the correction and cure of deformities and diseases of the musculoskeletal system
A
Orthopedic
9
Q
Specialist in orthopedics
A
Orthopedist
10
Q
Practitioner of osteopathy
A
Osteopath
11
Q
Medical practice based on maintaining the structural integrity of the musculoskeletal system
A
Osteopathy
12
Q
The study of medical imaging
A
Radiology
13
Q
Medical specialist in the use of x rays and other imaging techniques
A
Radiologist
14
Q
Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone
A
Tendon
15
Q
Outer portion of an organ
A
Cortex
16
Q
The shaft of a long bone
A
Diaphysis
17
Q
A membrane of tissue lining the inner cavity of a long bone
A
Endosteum
18
Q
Expanded area at the proximal and distal ends of a long bone that provides increased surface area for attachment of ligaments and tendons
A
Epiphysis
19
Q
Layer of cartilage between epiphysis and metaphysics where bone growth occurs
A
Epiphysis plate
20
Q
Vascular canals in bone
A
Haversian canals
21
Q
Small space or cavity within the matrix of bone
A
Lacuna
22
Q
Fatty, blood-forming tissue in the cavities of long bones
A
Marrow
23
Q
Substance that surrounds cells, is manufactured by cells, and holds them together
A
Matrix
24
Q
Central portion of a structure surround by cortex
A
Medulla
25
Region between the diaphysis and the epiphysis where bone growth occurs
Metaphysis
26
Bone forming cell
Osteoblast
27
Bone removing cell
Osteoclast
28
Bone maintaining cell
Osteocyte
29
Creation of new bone
Osteogenesis
30
Relating to the creation of new bone
Relating to the creation of new bone
31
Condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile and are more likely to fracture
Osteoporosis
32
Strong membrane surrounding a bone
Peristeum
33
Pertaining to the peristeum
Periosteal
34
One of two bony prominences near the head of the femur
Trochanter
35
Condition with abnormal conversion of cartilage into bone, leading to dwarfism
Achondroplasia
36
Within the womb
In utero
37
Inherited condition in which bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, easily broken bones
Osteogenesis imperfecta
38
Soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium
Osteomalacia
39
Inflammation of bone tissue
Osteomyelitis
40
Decreased calcification of bone
Osteopenia
41
Loss of substance
Resorption
42
Disease in children due to vitamin D deficiency, producing soft, flexible bones
Rickets
43
A malignant tumor originating in connective tissue
Sarcoma
44
Malignant tumor originating in bone producing cells
Osteogenic sarcoma
45
A state of being in the correct position in relation to other structures
Alignment
46
The mass of fibrous connective tissue that forms at a fracture site and becomes the foundation for the formation of new bone
Callus
47
Bone that has a spongy or lattice like structure
Cancellous
48
Collection of blood that has escaped from the blood vessels into tissue
Hematoma
49
Condition in which the two bony ends of a fracture fail to heal together correctly
Malunion
50
Total failure of healing of a fracture
Nonunion
51
The restoration of a structure to its normal position
Reduction
52
A pulling of dragging force
Traction
53
A bone is broken but the skin over it is intact
Closed fracture
54
A fracture in which the bone is broken into pieces
Comminuted fracture
55
A bone is fractured into two separate pieces
Complete fracture
56
Fracture of a vertebra causing loss of height of the vertebra
Compression fracture
57
A fracture in which the fragments are separated and are not in alignment
Displaced fracture
58
A fracture in which one side of the bone is partially broken and the other side is bent
Green stick fracture
59
A fracture without separation of fragments
Hairline fracture
60
A fracture in which one bone fragment is driven into the other
Impacted fracture
61
A fracture that does not extend across the bone
Incomplete fracture
62
A fracture running parallel to the length of the bone
Linear fracture
63
A diagonal fracture across the long axis of the bone
Oblique fracture
64
The skin over the fracture is broken
Open fracture
65
Fracture occurring at the site already weakened by a disease process, such as cancer
Pathologic fracture
66
A fracture in the shape of a coil
Spiral fracture
67
A fracture perpendicular to the long axis of the bone
Transverse fracture
68
A joint
Articulation
69
Pertaining to a joint
Articulate
70
A closed sac containing synovial fluid
Bursa
71
Cartilage containing collagen fibers
Fibrocartilage
72
Joint formed by a peg and socket
Gomphosis
73
Cartilage that looks like frosted glass and contains fine collagen fibers
Hyaline
74
Disc of connective tissue cartilage between the bones of a joint
Meniscus
75
Place where two bones are joined together by a fibrous band continuous with their periosteum
Suture
76
Two bones joined by fibrocartilage
Symphysis
77
A rigid articulation formed by cartilage
Synchondrosis
78
An articulation formed by ligaments
Syndesmosis
79
Pertaining to synovial fluid and synovial membrane
Synovial
80
Action of moving away from the midline
Abduction
81
Action of moving towards the midline
Adduction
82
Movement of an extremity in a circular motion
Circumduction
83
Vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
Coronal plane
84
A turning outward
Eversion
85
When a joint is straightened to increase its angle
Extension
86
When a joint is bent to decrease its angle
Flexion
87
A turning inward
Inversion
88
Lying facedown
Prone
89
Lying face up
Supine
90
Fixation or stiffening of a joint by surgery
Arthrodesis
91
X ray of a joint taken after the injection of a contrast medium into the joint
Arthrography
92
Surgery to restore as far as possible the function of a joint
Arthroplasty
93
Visual examination of the interior of a joint
Arthroscopy
94
Endoscope used to examine the interior of a joint
Arthroscope
95
Inflammation of a bursa
Bursitis
96
Relating to the deterioration of a structure
Degenerative
97
A turning aside from a normal course
Deviation
98
Pertaining to the joints between two phalanges
Interphalangeal
99
Pertaining to the joints between the metacarpal bones and phalanges
Metacarpophalangeal
100
Chronic inflammation disease of the joints with pain and loss of function
Osteoarthritis
101
Disease of connective tissue, with arthritis as a major manifestation
Rheumatoid arthritis
102
The medial and larger bone of the forearm
Ulna
103
Pertaining to the ulna
Ulnar
104
The wasting away or finished volume of tissue, an organ, or a body part
Atrophy
105
Draw together or shorten
Contract
106
Sheet of fibrous connective tissue
Fascia
107
Bundle of muscle fibers
Fascicles
108
Increase in size, but not number, of an individual tissue element
Hypertrophy
109
Pain in several muscle groups with systemic symptoms
Polymyalgia rheumatica
110
A synthetic corticosteroid
Prednisone
111
Stripes
Striation
112
Another term for skeletal muscle
Striated muscle
113
Tension present in resting muscles
Tone
114
Another term for skeletal muscles
Voluntary muscles
115
A condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvis, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
116
Pain in the muscle fibers
Fibromyalgia
117
Protein of muscle that stores and transports oxygen
Myoglobin
118
Destruction of muscle to produce myoglobin
Rhabdomyolosis
119
A wrench or tear in a ligament
Sprain
120
Overstretch of tear in a muscle or tendon
Strain
121
Inflammation of a tendon
Tendinitis
122
Inflammation of a tendon and its surrounding synovial sheath
Tenosynovitis
123
Surgical removal of the thymus gland
Thymectomy
124
Pertaining to the neck region
Cervical
125
Small tailbone at the lowest end of the vertebral Column
Coccyx
126
An opening through a structure
Foramen
127
Protrusion of an anatomical structure from its normal position
Herniation
128
Located between two vertebrae
Intervertebral
129
A normal posterior curve of the thoracic spine that can be exaggerated in disease
Kyphosis
130
An exaggerated forward curvature of the lumbar spine
Lordosis
131
Relating to the region in the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis
Lumbar
132
Segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis
Sacrum
133
An abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column
Scoliosis
134
Vertebral column
Spine
135
The part of the trunk between the abdomen and neck
Thorax
136
One of the bones of the spinal column
Vertebra
137
Symptoms caused by sudden, uncontrolled extension and flexion of the neck
Whiplash
138
Shell shaped bone on medical wall of nasal cavity
Concha
139
The upper part of the skull that encloses and protects the Bain
Cranium
140
Pertaining to the skull
Cranial
141
Bone that forms the back of the nose and enclosed numerous air cells
Ethmoid
142
Lower jawbone
Mandible
143
Pertaining to the mandible
Mandibular
144
Muscle that closes the mouth
Masseter
145
Upper jaw bone, containing right and left maxillary sinuses
Maxilla
146
The back of the skull
Occipital
147
Bone that forms the hard palate and parts of the nose and orbits
Palatine
148
The two bones forming the sidewalls and roof of the cranium
Parietal
149
Pterygold muscle are two wing-shaped muscles that open and close the mouth
Pterygold
150
Wedge shaped bone at the base of the skull
Sphenoid
151
Bone that forms part of the base and sides of the skull
Temporal
152
Muscles attached to temporal bone that opens and closes the jaw
Temporalis muscle
153
The joint between the temporal bone and the mandible
Temporomandibular joint TMJ
154
Lower nasal septum
Vomer
155
Bone that forms the prominence of the cheek
Zygoma
156
Lateral end of the scapula, extending over the shoulder joint
Acromion
157
Pertaining to the joint between the acromion and the clavicle
Acromioclavicle
158
Curved bone that forms the anterior part of the pectoral girdle
Clavicle
159
The state of being completely out of joint
Dislocation
160
Single bone of the upper arm
Humerus
161
Pertaining to the chest
Pectoral
162
Incomplete bony ring that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton
Pectoral girdle
163
Part of the capsule of the shoulder joint
Rotator cuff
164
Shoulder blade
Scapula
165
Pertaining to the shoulder blade
Scapular
166
A shoulder separation is a dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint
Separation
167
An incomplete dislocation in which some contact between the joint surfaces remain
Subluxation
168
A muscle of the upper arm that has two heads or points of origin on the scapula
Biceps brachii
169
Muscle that lies underneath the biceps and is the strongest flexor of the forearm
Brachialis
170
Muscle that helps flex the forearm
Brachioradialis
171
Large, fan shaped muscle connecting the scapula and clavicle to the humerus
Deltoid
172
Projection above the condyle for attachment of a ligament or tendon
Epicondyle
173
The insertion of a muscle is the attachment of a muscle to a more movable part of the skeleton
Insertion
174
The widest muscle in the back
Latissimus dorsi
175
Fixed source of a muscle at its attachment to bone
Origin
176
The forearm bone on the thumb side
Radius
177
Muscle of the arm that has three heads or points of origin
Triceps brachii
178
Collective term for the right carpal bones of the wrist
Carpus
179
Pertaining to the wrist
Carpal
180
Fracture of the distal radius at the wrist
Colles fracture
181
Pertaining to a workplace tool or equipment designed to prevent worker injury and discomfort
Ergonomic
182
Sheet of fibrous connective tissue
Fascia
183
An incision through a band of fascia, usually to relieve pressure on underlying structures
Fasciotomy
184
Surgical removal of fascia
Fasciectomy
185
Fluid containing swelling attached to the synovial sheath of a tendon
Ganglion
186
Rotate the forearm so that the surface of the palm faces posteriorly in the anatomical position
Pronate
187
Fibrous ligament that keeps the tendons in place in the wrist so they do not bowstring when the forearm muscle contracts
Retinaculum
188
Rotate the forearm so that the surface of the palm faces anteriorly in the anatomical position
Supinate
189
Upper, posterior, or back surface
Dorsum / dorsal
190
A higher place or part
Eminence
191
Fleshy eminence at the base of the little finger
Hypothenar
192
A structure between bones
Interosseous
193
The five bones between the corpus and the fingers
Metacarpal
194
The movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand to touch the tips of other fingers
Opposition
195
The flat anterior surface of the hand
Palm
196
A bone of a finger or toe
Phalanx
197
The thenar eminence is the fleshy mass at the base of the thumb
Thenar
198
Muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis
Contracture
199
A permanent structural deviation from the normal
Deformity
200
A thickening and shortening of fibrous bands in the palm of the hand
Dupuytren contracture
201
Muscle or tendon that flexes a joint
Flexon
202
Bony lump on the terminal phalanx of the fingers in osteoarthritis
Heberden node
203
Abnormal tendency of a joint to partially or fully dislocation
Instability
204
Between the ages of 2-17
Juvenile
205
Small node
Nodule
206
Pertaining to anything left over
Residual
207
Pain in various parts of the musculoskeletal system
Rheumatism
208
Relating to or characterized by rheumatism
Rheumatic
209
Disease of connective tissue, with arthritis as a major manifestation
Rheumatoid arthritis
210
Capable of being affected by
Susceptible
211
The cup shaped cavity of the hip bone that receives the head of the femur to form the hip joint
Acetabulum
212
Appliance to support a part of the body in its correct position
Brace
213
Separation of normally joined parts
Diastasis
214
The thigh bone
Femur
215
Examination of structures of the body by x days
Fluoroscopy
216
Relating to or effected by fluoroscopy
Fluoroscopic
217
The rounded extremity of a bone
Head
218
Lower and posterior part of the hip bone
Ischium
219
A cup shaped ring bone
Pelvis
220
Bony front arch of the pelvis of the hip
Pubis
221
Pertaining to the pubis
Pubic
222
Segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis
Sacrum
223
In the neighborhood of the sacrum
Sacral
224
The joint between the sacrum and ilium
Sacroiliac
225
Inflammation of a joint or joints
Arthritis
226
Without a blood supply
Avascular
227
Refers to a muscle in the buttocks
Gluteus Maximus
228
The gluteus medium muscle is partly covered by the gluteus Maximus; originates on the ilium and is inserted into the femur
Gluteus medius
229
The gluteus minimums is the smallest of the gluteal muscles and lies under the gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
230
Pertaining to the buttocks
Gluteal
231
Cartilage that forms a rim around the socket of the hip joint
Labrum
232
Large smooth rounded expansion of the end of a bone that forms a joint with another bone
Condyle
233
The smaller of the two bones of the lower leg
Fibula
234
Thin, circular bone in front of the knee joint and embedded in the patellar tendon
Patella
235
The hollow back of the knee
Popliteal fossa
236
An anterior thigh muscle with four heads
Quadriceps femoris
237
The larger bone of the lower leg
Tibia
238
Forcible separation of tearing away
Avulsion
239
Softening and degeneration of cartilage
Chondromalacia
240
The removal of injured or necrotic tissue
Debridement
241
A graft using tissue taken from another species
Heterograft / xenograft
242
Flexion of a limb or part beyond the normal limits
Hyperflexion
243
Excision of all or part of a meniscus
Meniscectomy
244
In front of the patella
Prepatellar
245
Break or tear or any organ or body part
Rupture
246
Inflammation of a tendon
Tendonitis
247
A tendon formed from gastrocnemius and soleus muscle and interred into the calcaneus
Achilles' tendon
248
A swelling at the base of the big toe
Bunion
249
Bone of the tarsus that forms the heel
Calcaneus
250
Inflammation of the fascia
Fasciitis
251
Major muscle in the back of the lower leg
Gastrocnemius
252
Painful arthritis of the big toe and other joints
Gout
253
Deviation of the big toe toward the lateral side of the foot
Hallux valgus
254
A collective term referring to the five parallel bones of the foot between the tarsus and the phalanges
Metatarsus
255
Pertaining to the metatarsus
Metatarsal
256
A flat foot with no plantar arch
Pes planus
257
Specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot
Podiatry
258
Practitioner or podiatry
Podiatrist
259
Fracture of Lower end of fibula
Pott Fracture
260
Large muscle of the calf
Soleus
261
Deformity of the foot involving the talus
Talipes
262
The tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia to form the ankle joint
Talus
263
The collection of seven bones in the foot that form the ankle and instep
Tarsus
