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Medical Terminology > Chapter 14 - Muscoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Muscoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints

A

Cartilage

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2
Q

Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system

A

Chiropractic

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3
Q

Practitioner of chiropractic

A

Chiropractor

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4
Q

Removal of poison from a tissue or substance

A

Detoxification

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5
Q

Band of fibrous tissue connection two structures

A

Ligament

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6
Q

Tissue consisting of contractile cells

A

Muscle

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7
Q

Pertaining to the muscles and the bony skeleton

A

Musculoskeletal

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8
Q

Pertaining to the correction and cure of deformities and diseases of the musculoskeletal system

A

Orthopedic

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9
Q

Specialist in orthopedics

A

Orthopedist

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10
Q

Practitioner of osteopathy

A

Osteopath

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11
Q

Medical practice based on maintaining the structural integrity of the musculoskeletal system

A

Osteopathy

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12
Q

The study of medical imaging

A

Radiology

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13
Q

Medical specialist in the use of x rays and other imaging techniques

A

Radiologist

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14
Q

Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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15
Q

Outer portion of an organ

A

Cortex

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16
Q

The shaft of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

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17
Q

A membrane of tissue lining the inner cavity of a long bone

A

Endosteum

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18
Q

Expanded area at the proximal and distal ends of a long bone that provides increased surface area for attachment of ligaments and tendons

A

Epiphysis

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19
Q

Layer of cartilage between epiphysis and metaphysics where bone growth occurs

A

Epiphysis plate

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20
Q

Vascular canals in bone

A

Haversian canals

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21
Q

Small space or cavity within the matrix of bone

A

Lacuna

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22
Q

Fatty, blood-forming tissue in the cavities of long bones

A

Marrow

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23
Q

Substance that surrounds cells, is manufactured by cells, and holds them together

A

Matrix

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24
Q

Central portion of a structure surround by cortex

A

Medulla

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25
Q

Region between the diaphysis and the epiphysis where bone growth occurs

A

Metaphysis

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26
Q

Bone forming cell

A

Osteoblast

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27
Q

Bone removing cell

A

Osteoclast

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28
Q

Bone maintaining cell

A

Osteocyte

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29
Q

Creation of new bone

A

Osteogenesis

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30
Q

Relating to the creation of new bone

A

Relating to the creation of new bone

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31
Q

Condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile and are more likely to fracture

A

Osteoporosis

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32
Q

Strong membrane surrounding a bone

A

Peristeum

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33
Q

Pertaining to the peristeum

A

Periosteal

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34
Q

One of two bony prominences near the head of the femur

A

Trochanter

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35
Q

Condition with abnormal conversion of cartilage into bone, leading to dwarfism

A

Achondroplasia

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36
Q

Within the womb

A

In utero

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37
Q

Inherited condition in which bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, easily broken bones

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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38
Q

Soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium

A

Osteomalacia

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39
Q

Inflammation of bone tissue

A

Osteomyelitis

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40
Q

Decreased calcification of bone

A

Osteopenia

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41
Q

Loss of substance

A

Resorption

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42
Q

Disease in children due to vitamin D deficiency, producing soft, flexible bones

A

Rickets

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43
Q

A malignant tumor originating in connective tissue

A

Sarcoma

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44
Q

Malignant tumor originating in bone producing cells

A

Osteogenic sarcoma

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45
Q

A state of being in the correct position in relation to other structures

A

Alignment

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46
Q

The mass of fibrous connective tissue that forms at a fracture site and becomes the foundation for the formation of new bone

A

Callus

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47
Q

Bone that has a spongy or lattice like structure

A

Cancellous

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48
Q

Collection of blood that has escaped from the blood vessels into tissue

A

Hematoma

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49
Q

Condition in which the two bony ends of a fracture fail to heal together correctly

A

Malunion

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50
Q

Total failure of healing of a fracture

A

Nonunion

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51
Q

The restoration of a structure to its normal position

A

Reduction

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52
Q

A pulling of dragging force

A

Traction

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53
Q

A bone is broken but the skin over it is intact

A

Closed fracture

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54
Q

A fracture in which the bone is broken into pieces

A

Comminuted fracture

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55
Q

A bone is fractured into two separate pieces

A

Complete fracture

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56
Q

Fracture of a vertebra causing loss of height of the vertebra

A

Compression fracture

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57
Q

A fracture in which the fragments are separated and are not in alignment

A

Displaced fracture

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58
Q

A fracture in which one side of the bone is partially broken and the other side is bent

A

Green stick fracture

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59
Q

A fracture without separation of fragments

A

Hairline fracture

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60
Q

A fracture in which one bone fragment is driven into the other

A

Impacted fracture

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61
Q

A fracture that does not extend across the bone

A

Incomplete fracture

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62
Q

A fracture running parallel to the length of the bone

A

Linear fracture

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63
Q

A diagonal fracture across the long axis of the bone

A

Oblique fracture

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64
Q

The skin over the fracture is broken

A

Open fracture

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65
Q

Fracture occurring at the site already weakened by a disease process, such as cancer

A

Pathologic fracture

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66
Q

A fracture in the shape of a coil

A

Spiral fracture

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67
Q

A fracture perpendicular to the long axis of the bone

A

Transverse fracture

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68
Q

A joint

A

Articulation

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69
Q

Pertaining to a joint

A

Articulate

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70
Q

A closed sac containing synovial fluid

A

Bursa

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71
Q

Cartilage containing collagen fibers

A

Fibrocartilage

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72
Q

Joint formed by a peg and socket

A

Gomphosis

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73
Q

Cartilage that looks like frosted glass and contains fine collagen fibers

A

Hyaline

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74
Q

Disc of connective tissue cartilage between the bones of a joint

A

Meniscus

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75
Q

Place where two bones are joined together by a fibrous band continuous with their periosteum

A

Suture

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76
Q

Two bones joined by fibrocartilage

A

Symphysis

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77
Q

A rigid articulation formed by cartilage

A

Synchondrosis

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78
Q

An articulation formed by ligaments

A

Syndesmosis

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79
Q

Pertaining to synovial fluid and synovial membrane

A

Synovial

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80
Q

Action of moving away from the midline

A

Abduction

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81
Q

Action of moving towards the midline

A

Adduction

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82
Q

Movement of an extremity in a circular motion

A

Circumduction

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83
Q

Vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

A

Coronal plane

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84
Q

A turning outward

A

Eversion

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85
Q

When a joint is straightened to increase its angle

A

Extension

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86
Q

When a joint is bent to decrease its angle

A

Flexion

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87
Q

A turning inward

A

Inversion

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88
Q

Lying facedown

A

Prone

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89
Q

Lying face up

A

Supine

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90
Q

Fixation or stiffening of a joint by surgery

A

Arthrodesis

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91
Q

X ray of a joint taken after the injection of a contrast medium into the joint

A

Arthrography

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92
Q

Surgery to restore as far as possible the function of a joint

A

Arthroplasty

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93
Q

Visual examination of the interior of a joint

A

Arthroscopy

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94
Q

Endoscope used to examine the interior of a joint

A

Arthroscope

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95
Q

Inflammation of a bursa

A

Bursitis

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96
Q

Relating to the deterioration of a structure

A

Degenerative

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97
Q

A turning aside from a normal course

A

Deviation

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98
Q

Pertaining to the joints between two phalanges

A

Interphalangeal

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99
Q

Pertaining to the joints between the metacarpal bones and phalanges

A

Metacarpophalangeal

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100
Q

Chronic inflammation disease of the joints with pain and loss of function

A

Osteoarthritis

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101
Q

Disease of connective tissue, with arthritis as a major manifestation

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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102
Q

The medial and larger bone of the forearm

A

Ulna

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103
Q

Pertaining to the ulna

A

Ulnar

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104
Q

The wasting away or finished volume of tissue, an organ, or a body part

A

Atrophy

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105
Q

Draw together or shorten

A

Contract

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106
Q

Sheet of fibrous connective tissue

A

Fascia

107
Q

Bundle of muscle fibers

A

Fascicles

108
Q

Increase in size, but not number, of an individual tissue element

A

Hypertrophy

109
Q

Pain in several muscle groups with systemic symptoms

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

110
Q

A synthetic corticosteroid

A

Prednisone

111
Q

Stripes

A

Striation

112
Q

Another term for skeletal muscle

A

Striated muscle

113
Q

Tension present in resting muscles

A

Tone

114
Q

Another term for skeletal muscles

A

Voluntary muscles

115
Q

A condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvis, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

116
Q

Pain in the muscle fibers

A

Fibromyalgia

117
Q

Protein of muscle that stores and transports oxygen

A

Myoglobin

118
Q

Destruction of muscle to produce myoglobin

A

Rhabdomyolosis

119
Q

A wrench or tear in a ligament

A

Sprain

120
Q

Overstretch of tear in a muscle or tendon

A

Strain

121
Q

Inflammation of a tendon

A

Tendinitis

122
Q

Inflammation of a tendon and its surrounding synovial sheath

A

Tenosynovitis

123
Q

Surgical removal of the thymus gland

A

Thymectomy

124
Q

Pertaining to the neck region

A

Cervical

125
Q

Small tailbone at the lowest end of the vertebral Column

A

Coccyx

126
Q

An opening through a structure

A

Foramen

127
Q

Protrusion of an anatomical structure from its normal position

A

Herniation

128
Q

Located between two vertebrae

A

Intervertebral

129
Q

A normal posterior curve of the thoracic spine that can be exaggerated in disease

A

Kyphosis

130
Q

An exaggerated forward curvature of the lumbar spine

A

Lordosis

131
Q

Relating to the region in the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis

A

Lumbar

132
Q

Segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis

A

Sacrum

133
Q

An abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column

A

Scoliosis

134
Q

Vertebral column

A

Spine

135
Q

The part of the trunk between the abdomen and neck

A

Thorax

136
Q

One of the bones of the spinal column

A

Vertebra

137
Q

Symptoms caused by sudden, uncontrolled extension and flexion of the neck

A

Whiplash

138
Q

Shell shaped bone on medical wall of nasal cavity

A

Concha

139
Q

The upper part of the skull that encloses and protects the Bain

A

Cranium

140
Q

Pertaining to the skull

A

Cranial

141
Q

Bone that forms the back of the nose and enclosed numerous air cells

A

Ethmoid

142
Q

Lower jawbone

A

Mandible

143
Q

Pertaining to the mandible

A

Mandibular

144
Q

Muscle that closes the mouth

A

Masseter

145
Q

Upper jaw bone, containing right and left maxillary sinuses

A

Maxilla

146
Q

The back of the skull

A

Occipital

147
Q

Bone that forms the hard palate and parts of the nose and orbits

A

Palatine

148
Q

The two bones forming the sidewalls and roof of the cranium

A

Parietal

149
Q

Pterygold muscle are two wing-shaped muscles that open and close the mouth

A

Pterygold

150
Q

Wedge shaped bone at the base of the skull

A

Sphenoid

151
Q

Bone that forms part of the base and sides of the skull

A

Temporal

152
Q

Muscles attached to temporal bone that opens and closes the jaw

A

Temporalis muscle

153
Q

The joint between the temporal bone and the mandible

A

Temporomandibular joint TMJ

154
Q

Lower nasal septum

A

Vomer

155
Q

Bone that forms the prominence of the cheek

A

Zygoma

156
Q

Lateral end of the scapula, extending over the shoulder joint

A

Acromion

157
Q

Pertaining to the joint between the acromion and the clavicle

A

Acromioclavicle

158
Q

Curved bone that forms the anterior part of the pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle

159
Q

The state of being completely out of joint

A

Dislocation

160
Q

Single bone of the upper arm

A

Humerus

161
Q

Pertaining to the chest

A

Pectoral

162
Q

Incomplete bony ring that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle

163
Q

Part of the capsule of the shoulder joint

A

Rotator cuff

164
Q

Shoulder blade

A

Scapula

165
Q

Pertaining to the shoulder blade

A

Scapular

166
Q

A shoulder separation is a dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint

A

Separation

167
Q

An incomplete dislocation in which some contact between the joint surfaces remain

A

Subluxation

168
Q

A muscle of the upper arm that has two heads or points of origin on the scapula

A

Biceps brachii

169
Q

Muscle that lies underneath the biceps and is the strongest flexor of the forearm

A

Brachialis

170
Q

Muscle that helps flex the forearm

A

Brachioradialis

171
Q

Large, fan shaped muscle connecting the scapula and clavicle to the humerus

A

Deltoid

172
Q

Projection above the condyle for attachment of a ligament or tendon

A

Epicondyle

173
Q

The insertion of a muscle is the attachment of a muscle to a more movable part of the skeleton

A

Insertion

174
Q

The widest muscle in the back

A

Latissimus dorsi

175
Q

Fixed source of a muscle at its attachment to bone

A

Origin

176
Q

The forearm bone on the thumb side

A

Radius

177
Q

Muscle of the arm that has three heads or points of origin

A

Triceps brachii

178
Q

Collective term for the right carpal bones of the wrist

A

Carpus

179
Q

Pertaining to the wrist

A

Carpal

180
Q

Fracture of the distal radius at the wrist

A

Colles fracture

181
Q

Pertaining to a workplace tool or equipment designed to prevent worker injury and discomfort

A

Ergonomic

182
Q

Sheet of fibrous connective tissue

A

Fascia

183
Q

An incision through a band of fascia, usually to relieve pressure on underlying structures

A

Fasciotomy

184
Q

Surgical removal of fascia

A

Fasciectomy

185
Q

Fluid containing swelling attached to the synovial sheath of a tendon

A

Ganglion

186
Q

Rotate the forearm so that the surface of the palm faces posteriorly in the anatomical position

A

Pronate

187
Q

Fibrous ligament that keeps the tendons in place in the wrist so they do not bowstring when the forearm muscle contracts

A

Retinaculum

188
Q

Rotate the forearm so that the surface of the palm faces anteriorly in the anatomical position

A

Supinate

189
Q

Upper, posterior, or back surface

A

Dorsum / dorsal

190
Q

A higher place or part

A

Eminence

191
Q

Fleshy eminence at the base of the little finger

A

Hypothenar

192
Q

A structure between bones

A

Interosseous

193
Q

The five bones between the corpus and the fingers

A

Metacarpal

194
Q

The movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand to touch the tips of other fingers

A

Opposition

195
Q

The flat anterior surface of the hand

A

Palm

196
Q

A bone of a finger or toe

A

Phalanx

197
Q

The thenar eminence is the fleshy mass at the base of the thumb

A

Thenar

198
Q

Muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis

A

Contracture

199
Q

A permanent structural deviation from the normal

A

Deformity

200
Q

A thickening and shortening of fibrous bands in the palm of the hand

A

Dupuytren contracture

201
Q

Muscle or tendon that flexes a joint

A

Flexon

202
Q

Bony lump on the terminal phalanx of the fingers in osteoarthritis

A

Heberden node

203
Q

Abnormal tendency of a joint to partially or fully dislocation

A

Instability

204
Q

Between the ages of 2-17

A

Juvenile

205
Q

Small node

A

Nodule

206
Q

Pertaining to anything left over

A

Residual

207
Q

Pain in various parts of the musculoskeletal system

A

Rheumatism

208
Q

Relating to or characterized by rheumatism

A

Rheumatic

209
Q

Disease of connective tissue, with arthritis as a major manifestation

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

210
Q

Capable of being affected by

A

Susceptible

211
Q

The cup shaped cavity of the hip bone that receives the head of the femur to form the hip joint

A

Acetabulum

212
Q

Appliance to support a part of the body in its correct position

A

Brace

213
Q

Separation of normally joined parts

A

Diastasis

214
Q

The thigh bone

A

Femur

215
Q

Examination of structures of the body by x days

A

Fluoroscopy

216
Q

Relating to or effected by fluoroscopy

A

Fluoroscopic

217
Q

The rounded extremity of a bone

A

Head

218
Q

Lower and posterior part of the hip bone

A

Ischium

219
Q

A cup shaped ring bone

A

Pelvis

220
Q

Bony front arch of the pelvis of the hip

A

Pubis

221
Q

Pertaining to the pubis

A

Pubic

222
Q

Segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis

A

Sacrum

223
Q

In the neighborhood of the sacrum

A

Sacral

224
Q

The joint between the sacrum and ilium

A

Sacroiliac

225
Q

Inflammation of a joint or joints

A

Arthritis

226
Q

Without a blood supply

A

Avascular

227
Q

Refers to a muscle in the buttocks

A

Gluteus Maximus

228
Q

The gluteus medium muscle is partly covered by the gluteus Maximus; originates on the ilium and is inserted into the femur

A

Gluteus medius

229
Q

The gluteus minimums is the smallest of the gluteal muscles and lies under the gluteus medius

A

Gluteus minimus

230
Q

Pertaining to the buttocks

A

Gluteal

231
Q

Cartilage that forms a rim around the socket of the hip joint

A

Labrum

232
Q

Large smooth rounded expansion of the end of a bone that forms a joint with another bone

A

Condyle

233
Q

The smaller of the two bones of the lower leg

A

Fibula

234
Q

Thin, circular bone in front of the knee joint and embedded in the patellar tendon

A

Patella

235
Q

The hollow back of the knee

A

Popliteal fossa

236
Q

An anterior thigh muscle with four heads

A

Quadriceps femoris

237
Q

The larger bone of the lower leg

A

Tibia

238
Q

Forcible separation of tearing away

A

Avulsion

239
Q

Softening and degeneration of cartilage

A

Chondromalacia

240
Q

The removal of injured or necrotic tissue

A

Debridement

241
Q

A graft using tissue taken from another species

A

Heterograft / xenograft

242
Q

Flexion of a limb or part beyond the normal limits

A

Hyperflexion

243
Q

Excision of all or part of a meniscus

A

Meniscectomy

244
Q

In front of the patella

A

Prepatellar

245
Q

Break or tear or any organ or body part

A

Rupture

246
Q

Inflammation of a tendon

A

Tendonitis

247
Q

A tendon formed from gastrocnemius and soleus muscle and interred into the calcaneus

A

Achilles’ tendon

248
Q

A swelling at the base of the big toe

A

Bunion

249
Q

Bone of the tarsus that forms the heel

A

Calcaneus

250
Q

Inflammation of the fascia

A

Fasciitis

251
Q

Major muscle in the back of the lower leg

A

Gastrocnemius

252
Q

Painful arthritis of the big toe and other joints

A

Gout

253
Q

Deviation of the big toe toward the lateral side of the foot

A

Hallux valgus

254
Q

A collective term referring to the five parallel bones of the foot between the tarsus and the phalanges

A

Metatarsus

255
Q

Pertaining to the metatarsus

A

Metatarsal

256
Q

A flat foot with no plantar arch

A

Pes planus

257
Q

Specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot

A

Podiatry

258
Q

Practitioner or podiatry

A

Podiatrist

259
Q

Fracture of Lower end of fibula

A

Pott Fracture

260
Q

Large muscle of the calf

A

Soleus

261
Q

Deformity of the foot involving the talus

A

Talipes

262
Q

The tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia to form the ankle joint

A

Talus

263
Q

The collection of seven bones in the foot that form the ankle and instep

A

Tarsus

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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