CHAPTER 9: NAIL STRUCTURE & GROWTH

Question 1

A normal, healthy nail surface ___________.

a. is completely inflexible
b. has a spotted surface
c. is shiny and smooth
d. is white and opaque

Answer 1

c. is shiny and smooth

Question 2

The portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge is called the _________.

a. nail bed
b. cuticle
c. matrix
d. ligament

Answer 2

a. nail bed

Question 3

The _____ is a whitish, half moon shape underneath the base of the nail.

a. sidewall
b. lunula
c. root
d. free edge

Answer 3

b. lunula

Question 4

The part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is the _____.

a. free edge
b. matrix
c. bed epithelium
d. sidewall

Answer 4

a. free edge

Question 5

A ________ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place.

a. muscle
b. ligament
c. tendon
d. nerve

Answer 5

b. ligament

Question 6

The ______ is the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail.

a. eponychium
b. hyponychium
c. nail groove
d. sidewall

Answer 6

d. sidewall

Question 7

As long as the _____ is nourished and healthy, new nail place cells will be created.

a. lateral nail fold
b. lunula
c. matrix
d. nail plate

Answer 7

c. matrix

Question 8

Ordinarily, replacement of a natural fingernail takes about ________.

a. six to twelve months
b. four to six months
c. six to eight months
d. two to eight months

Answer 8

b. four to six months

Question 9

The nail growth rate on the _______ is typically the slowest.

a. thumb
b. middle finger
c. pinkie finger
d. index finger

Answer 9

a. thumb

Question 10

The nail has a water content between ___________.

a. 10-15%
b. 1-5%
c. 20-45%
d. 15-25%

Answer 10

d. 15-25%

Question 11

The natural nail is an appendage of the _________.

a. dermis
b. epidermis
c. skin
d. skeletal system

Answer 11

c. skin

Question 12

The appearance of the nails can reflect the general health of the ________.

a. body
b. skin
c. muscular system
d. skeletal system

Answer 12

a. body

Question 13

The ____ is relatively porous and will allow water to pass through it.

a. nail bed
b. matrix
c. nail plate
d. eponychium

Answer 13

c. nail plate

Question 14

The matrix contains ___________.

a. muscles and blood vessels
b. nerves, lymph, and blood vessels
c. water and muscles
d. water, ligaments, and blood vessels

Answer 14

b. nerves, lymph, and blood vessels

Question 15

Tissue that adheres directly to the natural nail plate but which can be removed with gentle scraping is the _______.

a. perionychium
b. hyponychium
c. eponychium
d. cuticle

Answer 15

d. cuticle

Question 16

Cosmetologists are allowed to gently ____ the eponychium.

a. cut
b. trim
c. push back
d. file

Answer 16

c. push back

Question 17

Cuticle moisturizers, softeners, and conditioners are actually designed for the eponychium, _____, and hyponychium.

a. cuticle
b. nail plate
c. lateral sidewalls
d. lunula

Answer 17

c. lateral sidewalls

Question 18

Toenails are thicker than fingernails because the ____ of the toenail is longer than that of the fingernail.

a. nail bed
b. matrix
c. lunula
d. eponychium

Answer 18

b. matrix

Question 19

Unlike healthy hair, healthy nails are not __________.

a. cut
b. cleaned
c. shed
d. maintained

Answer 19

c. shed

Question 20

It takes about _____ for toenails to be fully replaced.

a. 3-6 months
b. 6-9 months
c. 9-12 months
d. 12-15 months

Answer 20

c. 9-12 months

Question 21

The living skin at the base of the natural nail plate covering the matrix area is the _______.

a. eponychium
b. hyponychium
c. cuticle
d. lunula

Answer 21

a. eponychium

Question 22

The thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed is the ________.

a. bed eponychium
b. bed epithelium
d. lateral nail fold
d. onyx

Answer 22

b. bed epithelium

Question 23

The slightly thickened layer of skin under the nail that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate is the ______________.

a. epithelium
b. eponychium
c. sidewall
d. hyponychium

Answer 23

d. hyponychium

Question 24

The dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate is known as the nail __________.

a. bed
b. fold
c. groove
d. cuticle

Answer 24

d. cuticle

Question 25

The ________ is the area where the nail plate cells are formed.

a. cuticle
b. lunula
c. matrix
d. free edge

Answer 25

c. matrix