CHAPTER 20: CHEMICAL TEXTURE SERVICES Flashcards
The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair or changes tightly curly or coiled hair into loose curls or waves is ________.
a. curl softening
b. curl re-forming
c. alternate waving
d. swelling compound
b. curl re-forming
The layer of the hair that provides the strength and elasticity of human hair is the ___________.
a. medulla
b. regular
c. cortex
d. arrector
c. cortex
The natural pH of hair is between _______________.
a. 4.0 and 5.0
b. 4.5 and 5.5
c. 6.0 and 7.0
d. 7.0 and 8.0
b. 4.5 and 5.5
In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the ____________.
a. position of the rod
b. length of the hair
c. wrapping of the rod
d. size of the rod
d. size of the rod
The technique of wrapping hair at an angle of 90 degrees or perpendicular to its base section is __________.
a. half off-base placement
b. on-base placement
c. off-base placement
d. full-base placement
a. half off-base placement
The two basic types of wrapping the hair around the perm rod are the spiral and ____________.
a. loop technique
b. croquignole perm technique
c. placement technique
d. horizontal technique
b. croquignole perm technique
A reduction reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or the removal of ___________.
a. oxygen
b. peroxide
c. carbon
d. nitrogen
a. oxygen
Most cold waves have a pH between ____________.
a. 9.0 and 9.6
b. 10.0 and 10.8
c. 8.0 and 9.0
d. 7.6 and 8.4
a. 9.0 and 9.6
The three separate components of acid waves are permanent waving solution, activator, and ____________.
a. conditioner
b. stabilizer
c. neutralizer
d. shampoo
c. neutralizer
An endothermic wave is activated by _____________.
a. an ammonia lotion
b. an outside heat source
c. a sulfite source
d. a reducing agent
b. an outside heat source
Permanent wave solution should be rinsed from the hair for at least ____________.
a. 2 minutes
b. 10 minutes
c. 15 minutes
d. 5 minutes
d. 5 minutes
The process of rearranging the structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form is __________.
a. chemical hair relaxing
b. chemical smoothing
c. continuation
d. neutralizing
a. chemical hair relaxing
Thio relaxers usually have a pH above ____________.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 9
d. 6
b. 10
Hydroxide ions left in the hair after a relaxer can be neutralized using a _______________.
a. acid-balanced shampoo
b. conditioning rinse
c. thio neutralizer
d. acid-free shampoo
a. acid-balanced shampoo
Which type of relaxer contains only one component and is used exactly as it is packaged with no mixing necessary?
a. thio relaxers
b. lye-based relaxers
c. metal hydroxide relaxers
d. acid-based relaxers
c. metal hydroxide relaxers
Lithium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide relaxers are often advertised and sold as ___________.
a. conditioner relaxers
b. no mix-no lye relaxers
c. no mix- no chemical relaxers
d. lye relaxers
b. no mix-no lye relaxers
Which type of bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges?
a. disulfide bonds
b. polypeptide bonds
c. salt bonds
d. waving bonds
c. salt bonds
Which type of rod is also known as a circle rod?
a. loop rods
b. soft bender rods
c. concave rods
d. straight rods
a. loop rods
For on-base placement, the hair is wrapped at ________ beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base.
a. 180 degrees
b. 15 degrees
c. 90 degrees
d. 45 degrees
d. 45 degrees
Which of these permanent waves process at room temperature?
a. acid-balanced waves
b. exothermic waves
c. low pH waves
d. true acid waves
a. acid-balanced waves
Chemical solutions ___________ the pH of the hair to an alkaline state.
a. lower
b. raise
c. neutralize
d. do not affect
b. raise
When should you perform as elasticity test?
a. before perming the hair
b. while perming the hair
c. after perming the hair
d. never
a. before perming the hair
Porous hair ______________.
a. is difficult to penetrate
b. should never be permed
c. could be damaged by a highly alkaline permanent waving solution
d. could be damaged by a highly acidic permanent waving solution
c. could be damaged by a highly alkaline permanent waving solution
GMTG, the primary reducing agent in most acid waves, has ____________.
a. no pH
b. a neutral pH
c. a high pH
d. a low pH
d. a low pH
True acid waves have a pH between ____________.
a. 2.0 and 3.0
b. 4.5 and 7.0
c. 5.5 and 8.0
d. 6.0 and 9.0
b. 4.5 and 7.0
Ammonia-free waves _____________.
a. have a very strong odor
b. are very acidic
c. contain some ammonia
d. have very little odor
d. have very little odor
In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place within the first ____________.
a. 5 to 10 minutes
b. 10 to 20 minutes
c. 20 to 30 minutes
d. 45 to 60 minutes
a. 5 to 10 minutes
One safety precaution of permanent waving is to _____________.
a. perm hair that has previously been treated with hydroxide relaxers
b. perm excessively damaged hair
c. examine the scalp before the perm service
d. perform a test for metallic salts only if the client requests it
c. examine the scalp before the perm service
With extremely curly hair, the twists are the _________ sections of the hair strands.
a. thickest and strongest
b. thinnest and weakest
c. thickest and weakest
d. thinnest and strongest
b. thinnest and weakest
Relaxers are _________ and can literally melt or dissolve hair if used incorrectly.
a. extremely alkaline
b. extremely acidic
c. mildly alkaline
d. mildly acidic
a. extremely alkaline
If the client’s hair has been treated with a hydroxide relaxer, it means the hair ____________.
a. has disulfide bonds that are in the process of reforming
b. has strong disulfide bonds
c. is ideal for permanent waving
d. will not hold a curl when applying a thio relaxer or thio permanent
d. will not hold a curl when applying a thio relaxer or thio permanent
A ______ is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped.
a. double flat wrap
b. croquignole perm wrap
c. bookend wrap
d. single flat wrap
a. double flat wrap
Which type of rods are usually 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod?
a. straight rods
b. loop rods
c. soft bender rods
d. concave rods
c. soft bender rods
Thioglycolic acid _______________.
a. has no odor
b. is a common reducing agent
c. is dark in color
d. has a pleasant scent
b. is a common reducing agent
The _____ is the innermost layer of the hair.
a. cortex
b. base
c. medulla
d. cuticle
c. medulla
The partings and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head in which type of wrap?
a. bricklay permanent wrap
b. double flat wrap
c. spiral perm wrap
d. curvature permanent wrap
d. curvature permanent wrap
The chemical bonds that join amino acids together are called _____________.
a. hydrogen bonds
b. peptide bonds
c. disulfide bonds
d. thio bonds
b. peptide bonds
A ____________ is a type of perm wrap in which the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod.
a. spiral perm wrap
b. straight set wrap
c. basic permanent wrap
d. bookend wrap
a. spiral perm wrap
Which of the following is a method of hair straightening that combines the use of thio relaxer with flat ironing?
a. weave technique
b. Japanese thermal straightening
c. thio neutralization
d. no-base relaxing straightening
b. Japanese thermal straightening
Which type of relaxer requires the application of a protective base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer?
a. hydroxide relaxer
b. no-base relaxer
c. thio relaxer
d. base relaxer
d. base relaxer
The middle layer of the hair is the ________________.
a. medulla
b. cuticle
c. cortex
d. base
c. cortex
Which of these terms refers to the angle at which the rod is positioned on the head: horizontally, vertically, or diagonally?
a. base placement
b. base direction
c. base insertion
d. base reduction
b. base direction
A ____________ is a type of wrap that used one end paper folded in half over the hair end like an envelope.
a. basic permanent wrap
b. curvature permanent wrap
c. bricklay permanent wrap
d. bookend wrap
d. bookend wrap
A ___________ is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases.
a. basic permanent wrap
b. croquignole perm wrap
c. double-rod wrap
d. bookend wrap
a. basic permanent wrap
Which of these are usually classified as a lye-based relaxer?
a. metal hydroxide relaxers
b. carbonate hydroxide relaxers
c. sodium hydroxide relaxers
d. iron hydroxide relaxers
c. sodium hydroxide relaxers
Which rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area?
a. straight rods
b. loop rods
c. concave rods
d. convex rods
a. straight rods
Which of these terms refers to the thickness or thinness of a liquid?
a. duration
b. viscosity
c. intensity
d. amperage
b. viscosity
The ________ is the tough exterior layer of the hair.
a. cuticle
b. medulla
c. base
d. cortex
a. cuticle
Which of these terms refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section?
a. base altitude
b. half off-base placement
c. base direction
d. base placement
d. base placement
A ____________ is a type of wrap in which the hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft, and another rod is used to wrap the remaining hair strand in the same direction.
a. spiral perm wrap
b. double flat wrap
c. piggyback wrap
d. bricklay permanent wrap
c. piggyback wrap
Which of these stops the action of the waving solution and rebuilds the hair into its new curly form?
a. lanthionization
b. thio neutralization
c. hydroxidation
d. peptide concentration
b. thio neutralization
Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds are known as ___________.
a. neutralization chains
b. monopeptide chains
c. amino chains
d. polypeptide chains
d. polypeptide chains
The process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair is called ______________.
a. lanthionization
b. permanent waving
c. normalization
d. disulfide bonding
a. lanthionization
Hydrogen bonds can be broken by ________________.
a. only water
b. only heat
c. either water or heat
d. neither water nor heat
c. either water or heat
The reducing agent used in permanent waving solutions is commonly referred to as _____________.
a. hydroxide
b. thio
c. sulfate
d. disulfide
b. thio
Manufacturers add an alkalizing agent to waving solutions because the acid in the solutions _____________.
a. swells the hair
b. penetrates into the cortex
c. both swells the hair and penetrates into the cortex
d. does not swell the hair or penetrate into the cortex
d. does not swell the hair or penetrate into the cortex
A pH of 7.0 is ____________ than the pH of hair.
a. 10 times more alkaline
b. 100 times more alkaline
c. 10 times more acidic
d. 100 times more acidic
b. 100 times more alkaline
Most of the acid waves found in today’s salons have a pH between _________________.
a. 7.8 and 8.2
b. 9.5 and 10.5
c. 3.8 and 4.2
d. 4.5 and 5.5
a. 7.8 and 8.2
Which of the following is not considered a main component of an exothermic wave?
a. permanent waving solution
b. neutralizer
c. activator
d. concentrator
d. concentrator
An endothermic chemical reaction is one that absorbs __________ from it’s surroundings.
a. moisture
b. energy
c. heat
d. light
c. heat
Which type of perm is recommended for extremely porous hair?
a. true acid wave
b. exothermic wave
c. ammonia-free wave
d. alkaline wave
a. true acid wave
What is the most common neutralizer?
a. ammonia
b. hydrogen peroxide
c. sodium chloride
d. distilled water
b. hydrogen peroxide
When rinsing the hair after the recommended processing time has elapsed, it is recommended that you __________.
a. never rinse for longer than 20 seconds
b. make sure the hair is still moderately moist before neutralizing
c. smell the hair to determine if it smells like perming solution
d. aggressively blot the hair
c. smell the hair to determine if it smells like perming solution
Japanese thermal straightening _______________.
a. is a recommended service for extremely curly hair
b. usually takes about 30 minutes
c. is appropriate for all color-treated hair
d. is sometimes called thermal reconditioning
d. is sometimes called thermal reconditioning
Mild- strength relaxers are formulated for _______________.
a. normal hair texture with a medium natural curl
b. fine, color-treated, or damaged hair
c. very coarse, extremely curly hair
d. resistant hair with little damage
b. fine, color-treated, or damaged hair
