CHAPTER 10: NAIL DISORDERS & DISEASES

Question 1

A normal, healthy nail is firm but flexible and should be _____________.

a. smooth and unspotted
b. uneven with a few ridges
c. long with a satin finish
d. short and opaque

Answer 1

a. smooth and unspotted

Question 2

If a client has ridges running vertically down the length of the natural nail plate, it is recommended that you ______________.

a. aggressively file the nail plate
b. carefully buff the nail plate
c. thin the nail plate
d. remove the free edge

Answer 2

b. carefully buff the nail plate

Question 3

The medical term for fungal infections of the feet is _______________.

a. tinea pathogenic
b. tinea pedis
c. tinea alopecia
d. paronychia

Answer 3

b. tinea pedis

Question 4

A typical pseudomonal bacteria infection on the nail plate can be identified in the early stages as a _________ spot that becomes darker in it’s advanced stages.

a. orange-red
b. white-grey
c. blue-green
d. light-green

Answer 4

d. light-green

Question 5

The separation and falling off of the nail plate from the nail bed is ____________.

a. onychia
b. paronychia
c. onychomadesis
d. pyogenic granuloma

Answer 5

c. onychomadesis

Question 6

Onychorrhexis is caused by injury to the matrix, excessive use of cuticle removers, harsh cleaning agents, aggressive filing techniques, or _____________.

a. illness
b. heredity
c. allergies
d. improper nutrition

Answer 6

b. heredity

Question 7

Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate are signs of which condition?

a. Paronychia
b. Onychocryptosis
c. Nail psoriasis
d. Onychomycosis

Answer 7

c. Nail psoriasis

Question 8

The term _________ refers to a condition caused by injury, heredity, or previous disease of the nail unit.

a. nail psoriasis
b. nail pterygium
c. nail disorder
d. nail disease

Answer 8

c. nail disorder

Question 9

Splinter hemorrhages are caused by physical trauma or injury to the __________.

a. nail plate
b. nail bed
c. free edge
d. lunula

Answer 9

b. nail bed

Question 10

Nail fungi are contagious and can be transmitted through ________________ instruments.

a. sterilized
b. disinfected
c. contaminated
d. disposable

Answer 10

c. contaminated

Question 11

Onychomadesis can usually be traced to a localized infection, injuries to the matrix, or ________________.

a. a severe systemic illness
b. an external medication
c. mild allergies
d. a split fingernail

Answer 11

a. a severe systemic disease

Question 12

Any deformity or disease of the natural nail is known as ____________.

a. onychauxis
b. onychosis
c. onychia
d. paronychia

Answer 12

b. onychosis

Question 13

Which condition is characterized by nail plates that are noticeably thin, white, and more flexible than normal?

a. melanonychia
b. plicatured nail
c. agnail
d. eggshell nails

Answer 13

d. eggshell nails

Question 14

Which of the following is a common cause of surface stains on nails?

a. nail polish remover
b. allergies
c. smoking
d. poor blood circulation

Answer 14

c. smoking

Question 15

The condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, causing a dark purplish spot, is ____________.

a. discolored nails
b. bruised nail beds
c. blue fingernails
d. plicatured nails

Answer 15

b. bruised nail beds

Question 16

The condition in which the living skin around the nail splits and tears is ______________.

a. a hangnail
b. Beau’s lines
c. melanonychia
d. onychophagy

Answer 16

a. a hangnail

Question 17

The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is ______________.

a. onychosis
b. onychocryptosis
c. onycholysis
d. onychomadesis

Answer 17

c. onycholysis

Question 18

The term __________ refers to darkening of the fingernails or toenails.

a. melanonychia
b. nail pterygium
c. paronychia
d. splinter hemorrhages

Answer 18

a. melanonychia

Question 19

When increased crosswise curvature throughout the nail plate results in the free edge pinching the sidewalls into a deep curve, it is known as pincer nail or _____________.

a. bruised nail
b. circular nail
c. eggshell nail
d. trumpet nail

Answer 19

d. trumpet nail

Question 20

Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate are known as ___________.

a. ridges
b. splinters
c. Beau’s lines
d. agnail

Answer 20

c. Beau’s lines

Question 21

Blue fingernails are usually caused by a lack of _______ in the red blood cells.

a. leukocytes
b. circulating oxygen
c. water
d. melanin

Answer 21

b. circulating oxygen

Question 22

Koilonychia are soft spoon nails with a _____ shape.

a. convex
b. concave
c. elongated
d. curved

Answer 22

b. concave

Question 23

The technical term for white spots, or whitish discolorations of the nail is ____________.

a. leukonychia spots
b. albinism
c. melanonychia spots
d. pigment disorder

Answer 23

a. leukonychia spots

Question 24

The technical term for bitten nails is ________________.

a. onychorrhexis
b. plicatured nails
c. onychophagy
d. onycholysis

Answer 24

c. onychophagy

Question 25

An abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate is _______________.

a. onychogryposis
b. claw nails
c. ram’s horn
d. nail pterygium

Answer 25

d. nail pterygium

Question 26

A fungal infection of the natural nail plate is known as ______________.

a. onychomycosis
b. onychia
c. onychogryposis
d. paronychia

Answer 26

a. onychomycosis

Question 27

A severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate is known as ______________.

a. tinea pedis
b. pyogenic granuloma
c. paronychia
d. onychorrhexis

Answer 27

b. pyogenic granuloma

Question 28

The technical term for ingrown nail is _______________.

a. nail psoriasis
b. onychorrhexis
c. onychocryptosis
d. onychophagy

Answer 28

c. onychocryptosis

Question 29

A proper hand analysis will allow you to identify disease, disorders, and conditions, including signs of infection, which may be identified through pain, redness, swelling, throbbing, and ______________.

a. texture
b. pus
c. moisture level
d. scar tissue

Answer 29

b. pus

Question 30

After performing the nail examination, you should identify any form of onychosis, note the apparent cause, suggest the proper service or refer the client to a physician, and ______________.

a. discuss home maintenance and a future service plan
b. discuss scheduling the next appointment
c. schedule treatment for onychosis
d. thank the client for her time

Answer 30

a. discuss home maintenance and a future service plan