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Milady Exam Review: Cosmetology > CHAPTER 6: GENERAL ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

CHAPTER 6: GENERAL ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

The basic units of all living things, from bacteria to plants to animals, including human beings, are _________.

a. organs
b. cells
c. muscles
d. nerves

A

b. cells

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2
Q

The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is the ___________.

a. cytoplasm
b. cell membrane
c. nucleus
d. chromatid

A

c. nucleus

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3
Q

Mitosis is the usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells called ______________.

a. mother cells
b. daughter cells
c. father cells
d. son cells

A

b. daughter cells

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4
Q

The ________ is the watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and is needed for growth, reproductions, and self-repair.

a. cystine
b. neuron
c. cytoplasm
d. mandible

A

c. cytoplasm

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5
Q

The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures is called ____________.

a. physiology
b. biology
c. anatomy
d. physiography

A

a. physiology

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6
Q

Structures composed of specialized tissue designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals are known as _____________.

a. tissues
b. nerves
c. membranes
d. organs

A

d. organs

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7
Q

Which type of tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body?

a. Nerve tissue
b. Muscle tissue
c. Connective tissue
d. Epithelial tissue

A

b. Muscle tissue

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8
Q

Which type of tissue lines the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands?

a. Nerve tissue
b. Muscle tissue
c. Connective tissue
d. Epithelial tissue

A

d. Epithelial tissue

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9
Q

The connection between two or more bones of the skeleton is called a __________.

a. ligament
b. joint
c. tendon
d. muscle

A

b. joint

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10
Q

The _____ is the larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee.

a. patella
b. fibula
c. tibia
d. femur

A

c. tibia

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11
Q

The oval, bony case that protects the brain is the _________.

a. cranium
b. facial skeleton
c. hyoid bone
d. skull

A

a. cranium

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12
Q

The maxillae are the bones of the __________.

a. lower jaw
b. upper jaw
c. upper arm
d. forearm

A

b. upper jaw

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13
Q

The two bones that form the sides and top of the cranium are the _________.

a. parietal bones
b. occipital bones
c. lacrimal bones
d. zygomatic bones

A

a. parietal bones

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14
Q

The inner and larger bone in the forearm that is attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger is the ________.

a. carpus
b. ulna
c. metacarpus
d. radius

A

b. ulna

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15
Q

The foot is made up of __________ bones.

a. 6
b. 11
c. 18
d. 26

A

d. 26

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16
Q

What is the U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and it’s muscles?

a. Hyoid bone
b. Masseter
c. Thorax
d. Cervical vertebrae

A

a. Hyoid bone

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17
Q

The part of the muscle that does not move and it attached closest to the skeleton is the _________.

a. belly
b. insertion
c. origin
d. tendon

A

c. origin

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18
Q

The broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis is the ________.

a. epicranial aponeurosis
b. epicranius
c. sternocleidomastoideus
d. temporalis

A

b. epicranius

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19
Q

The ______ are the muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, fingers to form a straight line.

a. extensors
b. pronators
c. supinators
d. flexors

A

a. extensors

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20
Q

The muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity are the _______.

a. flexors
b. abductors
c. extensors
d. adductors

A

d. adductors

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21
Q

The system of nerves that carries impulses, or messages, to and from the central nervous system is called the _______.

a. involuntary nervous system
b. voluntary nervous system
c. autonomic nerve system
d. peripheral nervous system

A

d. peripheral nervous system

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22
Q

Sensory nerve endings called ______ are located close to the surface of the skin.

a. reactors
b. receptors
c. capillaries
d. aural neurons

A

b. receptors

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23
Q

The largest artery in the human body is the ________.

a. jugular
b. ventricle
c. aorta
d. carotid

A

c. aorta

24
Q

The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the _______.

a. facial and superficial arteries
b. ulnar and radial arteries
c. radial and posterior arteries
d. ulnar and external jugular arteries

A

b. ulnar and radial arteries

25
Q

The popliteal artery supplies blood to the foot and divides into two separate arteries known as the _______.

a. anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries
b. anterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries
c. internal and external jugular arteries
d. supraorbital and infraorbital arteries

A

a. anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries

26
Q

The _____ muscle is the primary nasal muscle of concern to cosmetologists.

a. buccinator
b. procerus
c. risorius
d. triangularis

A

b. procerus

27
Q

The muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward is the _____ muscle.

a. depressor labii inferioris
b. orbicularis oris
c. levator anguli oris
d. levator labii superioris

A

c. levator anguli oris

28
Q

The ______ cranial nerve is the chief motor nerve of the face.

a. fourth
b. fifth
c. sixth
d. seventh

A

d. seventh

29
Q

The muscle that covers the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back is the ________.

a. trapezius
b. pectoralis major
c. serratus anterior
d. latissimus dorsi

A

a. trapezius

30
Q

The medium nerve is a sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the _______.

a. fingers and toes
b. hand and wrist
c. arm and hand
d. arm and wrist

A

c. arm and hand

31
Q

The deep peroneal nerve extends down the _________ behind the muscles.

a. front of the arm
b. front of the leg
c. back of the leg
d. back of the arm

A

b. front of the leg

32
Q

The simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve is called a _________.

a. spasm
b. twitch
c. reflex
d. contraction

A

c. reflex

33
Q

Deoxygenated blood flows from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal and then returns that blood to the ______ so oxygen-rich blood can be delivered to the body.

a. left atrium
b. right atrium
c. left ventricle
d. right ventricle

A

a. left atrium

34
Q

Which nerve affects the muscles of the mouth?

a. Temporal
b. Auricular
c. Mandibular
d. Buccal

A

d. Buccal

35
Q

Blood ______ the body’s temperature.

a. has no effect upon
b. helps to equalize
c. is the only factor affecting
d. is only capable of raising

A

b. helps to equalize

36
Q

The ______ supplies blood to the muscles of the eye.

a. inferior labial artery
b. infraorbital nerve
c. infraorbital artery
d. intratrochlear nerve

A

c. infraorbital artery

37
Q

The technical term for the facial artery is the ______ artery.

a. internal maxillary
b. external maxillary
c. submental
d. inferior labial

A

b. external maxillary

38
Q

The endocrine glands, also known as _____ glands, release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream.

a. ductless
b. secretory
c. duct
d. oil

A

a. ductless

39
Q

Which gland affects almost every physiologic process of the body?

a. Exocrine
b. Adrenal
c. Endocrine
d. Pituitary

A

d. Pituitary

40
Q

The _____ nerve supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage.

a. mandibular
b. maxillary
c. ophthalmic
d. temporal

A

c. ophthalmic

41
Q

The heart is the organ that keeps the _____ moving within the circulatory system.

a. lymph
b. blood
c. water
d. spinal fluid

A

b. blood

42
Q

The complex system that serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body’s temperature is the _________ system.

a. integumentary
b. skeletal
c. circulatory
d. muscular

A

a. integumentary

43
Q

The gastrointestinal system consists of the _____, stomach, intestines, salivary, and gastric glands, and other organs.

a. kidneys
b. liver
c. appendix
d. mouth

A

d. mouth

44
Q

The _____ system distributes blood throughout the body.

a. integumentary
b. circulatory
c. respiratory
d. lymphatic

A

b. circulatory

45
Q

The _____ system is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients and wastes.

a. lymphatic
b. endocrine
c. integumentary
d. digestive

A

d. digestive

46
Q

The ____ system is the body system consisting of a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body.

a. endocrine
b. excretory
c. digestive
d. reproductive

A

a. endocrine

47
Q

The _____ system protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease-causing microorganisms.

a. skeletal
b. respiratory
c. endocrine
d. lymphatic

A

d. lymphatic

48
Q

The _____ system covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system in place.

a. lymphatic
b. muscular
c. nervous
d. integumentary

A

b. muscular

49
Q

The _____ system controls and coordinates all other systems of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently.

a. lymphatic
b. endocrine
c. integumentary
d. nervous

A

d. nervous

50
Q

The ____ system performs the function of producing offspring and passing on the genetic code from one generation to another.

a. reproduction
b. genetic
c. hereditary
d. familial

A

a. reproduction

51
Q

The _____ system makes blood and oxygen available to body structures through breathing and eliminating carbon dioxide.

a. nervous
b. reproductive
c. respiratory
d. endocrine

A

c. respiratory

52
Q

The _____ system forms the physical foundation of the body.

a. skeletal
b. muscular
c. nervous
d. reproductive

A

a. skeletal

53
Q

The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized is _________.

a. physiology
b. histology
c. mycology
d. anatomy

A

d. anatomy

54
Q

Neurology is the scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the _________.

a. muscular system
b. integumentary system
c. skeletal system
d. nervous system

A

d. nervous system

55
Q

Lymph nodes filter the ____ vessels, which helps fight infection.

a. platelet
b. lymphatic
c. blood
d. plasma

A

b. lymphatic

Milady Exam Review: Cosmetology (33 decks)

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