CHAPTER 12: BASICS OF CHEMISTRY Flashcards
Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element?
a. silicon
b. oxygen
c. hydrogen
d. nitrogen
c. hydrogen
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without a loss of identity is _________.
a. a compound
b. an ion
c. a molecule
d. an element
d. an element
Chemically combining two or more atoms in definite proportions forms _________________.
a. an acid
b. a molecule
c. a mixture
d. a solvent
b. a molecule
A __________ is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent.
a. solution
b. emulsion
c. compound
d. element
a. solution
A ________ is a substance dissolved into a solution.
a. solvent
b. alkali
c. solute
d. acid
c. solute
Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions are considered _____________.
a. emulsions
b. suspensions
c. miscible
d. immiscible
d. immiscible
Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid are _____________.
a. suspensions
b. mixtures
c. solutions
d. emulsions
a. suspensions
An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient is ____________.
a. a suspension
b. an emulsion
c. a mixture
d. a solution
b. an emulsion
A substance that allows oil and water to mix or emulsify is ________________.
a. a reducing agent
b. a surfactant
c. an anion
d. a cation
b. a surfactant
The tail of a surfactant molecule is oil-loving or _______________.
a. a miscible
b. immiscible
c. lipophilic
d. hydrophilic
c. lipophilic
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is called an ____________.
a. alkaline
b. acid
c. atom
d. ion
d. ion
Alpha hydroxy acids (AHA’s) are derived from _______ and used in the salon to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the pH of certain products.
a. plants
b. chemicals
c. minerals
d. food sources
a. plants
Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat under certain circumstances are _________.
a. endothermic
b. exothermic
c. negative
d. positive
b. exothermic
A substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered to be _________.
a. combustible
b. neutral
c. acidic
d. alkaline
c. acidic
Alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they _____________.
a. produce less odor
b. are less expensive
c. have a better texture
d. are more effective
a. produce less odor
Which of these is not composed of organic chemicals?
a. pesticides
b. shampoos
c. synthetic fabrics
d. minerals
d. minerals
Elemental molecules contain two or more _________ of the same element in definite proportions.
a. atoms
b. ions
c. cations
d. silicones
a. atoms
Vapor is ______ that has evaporated into a gas-like state.
a. an element
b. a solid
c. a liquid
d. a chemical
c. a liquid
An oxidizing agent is a substance that releases ____________.
a. hydrogen
b. nitrogen
c. oxygen
d. carbon
c. oxygen
A pure substance is a chemical combination of matter in _________ proportions.
a. unequal
b. fixed
c. liquid
d. vaporized
b. fixed
The glitter in nail polish that can separate from the polish is an example of ____________.
a. an emulsion
b. a mixture
c. a solution
d. a suspension
d. a suspension
Water-in-oil emulsions feel ______ than oil-in-water emulsions.
a. greasier
b. hotter
c. wetter
d. colder
a. greasier
The ingredient used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft is _________.
a. an amino acid
b. ammonia
c. an alkaline solution
d. alpha hydroxy acid
b. ammonia
Volatile organic compounds contain _____ and evaporate very easily.
a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen
a. carbon
The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide is ___________.
a. combustion
b. oxidation
c. ionization
d. reduction
b. oxidation
The term logarithm means multiples of ____________.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 100
d. 1,000
b. 10
A chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time is _____________.
a. redox
b. oxidation
c. ionization
d. combustion
a. redox
Any substance that occupies space and has mass is __________.
a. an atom
b. an element
c. matter
d. a reaction
c. matter
Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance are ___________.
a. chemical properties
b. elemental properties
c. molecular properties
d. physical properties
a. chemical properties
A chemical combination of matter in definite proportions is a ______________.
a. atomic substance
b. combined mixture
c. physical mixture
d. pure substance
d. pure substance
A physical combination of matter in any proportion is a _______________.
a. chemical mixture
b. combined mixture
c. physical mixture
d. pure substance
c. physical mixture
The _________ is the smallest chemical component of an element.
a. anoin
b. atom
c. cation
d. molecule
b. atom
Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light is _____________.
a. reduction
b. emulsification
c. ionization
d. combustion
d. combustion
Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance are _______________.
a. chemical properties
b. elemental properties
c. molecular properties
d. physical properties
d. physical properties
