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Milady Exam Review: Cosmetology > CHAPTER 12: BASICS OF CHEMISTRY > Flashcards

CHAPTER 12: BASICS OF CHEMISTRY Flashcards

1
Q

Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element?

a. silicon
b. oxygen
c. hydrogen
d. nitrogen

A

c. hydrogen

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2
Q

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without a loss of identity is _________.

a. a compound
b. an ion
c. a molecule
d. an element

A

d. an element

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3
Q

Chemically combining two or more atoms in definite proportions forms _________________.

a. an acid
b. a molecule
c. a mixture
d. a solvent

A

b. a molecule

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4
Q

A __________ is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent.

a. solution
b. emulsion
c. compound
d. element

A

a. solution

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5
Q

A ________ is a substance dissolved into a solution.

a. solvent
b. alkali
c. solute
d. acid

A

c. solute

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6
Q

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions are considered _____________.

a. emulsions
b. suspensions
c. miscible
d. immiscible

A

d. immiscible

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7
Q

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid are _____________.

a. suspensions
b. mixtures
c. solutions
d. emulsions

A

a. suspensions

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8
Q

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient is ____________.

a. a suspension
b. an emulsion
c. a mixture
d. a solution

A

b. an emulsion

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9
Q

A substance that allows oil and water to mix or emulsify is ________________.

a. a reducing agent
b. a surfactant
c. an anion
d. a cation

A

b. a surfactant

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10
Q

The tail of a surfactant molecule is oil-loving or _______________.

a. a miscible
b. immiscible
c. lipophilic
d. hydrophilic

A

c. lipophilic

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11
Q

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is called an ____________.

a. alkaline
b. acid
c. atom
d. ion

A

d. ion

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12
Q

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHA’s) are derived from _______ and used in the salon to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the pH of certain products.

a. plants
b. chemicals
c. minerals
d. food sources

A

a. plants

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13
Q

Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat under certain circumstances are _________.

a. endothermic
b. exothermic
c. negative
d. positive

A

b. exothermic

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14
Q

A substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered to be _________.

a. combustible
b. neutral
c. acidic
d. alkaline

A

c. acidic

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15
Q

Alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they _____________.

a. produce less odor
b. are less expensive
c. have a better texture
d. are more effective

A

a. produce less odor

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16
Q

Which of these is not composed of organic chemicals?

a. pesticides
b. shampoos
c. synthetic fabrics
d. minerals

A

d. minerals

17
Q

Elemental molecules contain two or more _________ of the same element in definite proportions.

a. atoms
b. ions
c. cations
d. silicones

A

a. atoms

18
Q

Vapor is ______ that has evaporated into a gas-like state.

a. an element
b. a solid
c. a liquid
d. a chemical

A

c. a liquid

19
Q

An oxidizing agent is a substance that releases ____________.

a. hydrogen
b. nitrogen
c. oxygen
d. carbon

A

c. oxygen

20
Q

A pure substance is a chemical combination of matter in _________ proportions.

a. unequal
b. fixed
c. liquid
d. vaporized

A

b. fixed

21
Q

The glitter in nail polish that can separate from the polish is an example of ____________.

a. an emulsion
b. a mixture
c. a solution
d. a suspension

A

d. a suspension

22
Q

Water-in-oil emulsions feel ______ than oil-in-water emulsions.

a. greasier
b. hotter
c. wetter
d. colder

A

a. greasier

23
Q

The ingredient used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft is _________.

a. an amino acid
b. ammonia
c. an alkaline solution
d. alpha hydroxy acid

A

b. ammonia

24
Q

Volatile organic compounds contain _____ and evaporate very easily.

a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen

A

a. carbon

25
Q

The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide is ___________.

a. combustion
b. oxidation
c. ionization
d. reduction

A

b. oxidation

26
Q

The term logarithm means multiples of ____________.

a. 5
b. 10
c. 100
d. 1,000

A

b. 10

27
Q

A chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time is _____________.

a. redox
b. oxidation
c. ionization
d. combustion

A

a. redox

28
Q

Any substance that occupies space and has mass is __________.

a. an atom
b. an element
c. matter
d. a reaction

A

c. matter

29
Q

Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance are ___________.

a. chemical properties
b. elemental properties
c. molecular properties
d. physical properties

A

a. chemical properties

30
Q

A chemical combination of matter in definite proportions is a ______________.

a. atomic substance
b. combined mixture
c. physical mixture
d. pure substance

A

d. pure substance

31
Q

A physical combination of matter in any proportion is a _______________.

a. chemical mixture
b. combined mixture
c. physical mixture
d. pure substance

A

c. physical mixture

32
Q

The _________ is the smallest chemical component of an element.

a. anoin
b. atom
c. cation
d. molecule

A

b. atom

33
Q

Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light is _____________.

a. reduction
b. emulsification
c. ionization
d. combustion

A

d. combustion

34
Q

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance are _______________.

a. chemical properties
b. elemental properties
c. molecular properties
d. physical properties

A

d. physical properties

Milady Exam Review: Cosmetology (33 decks)

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