Chapter 9 - Marriage & Family Flashcards
family
Two or more people related by blood, marriage or adoption. The family may take many forms, ranging from a single parent with one or more children, to a married couple or polygamous spouses with or without offspring, to several generations of parents and their children.
household
A domestic unit of one or more persons living in one residence. Other than family members, a household may include nonrelatives, such as servants.
conjugal family
A family established through marriage
consanguineal family
A family of “blood relatives” consisting of related women, their brothers, and the women’s offspring
nuclear family
A group consisting of one or two parents and dependent offspring, which may include a stepparent, stepsiblings, and adopted children. Until recently, this term referred only to a mother, father and child(ren) unit.
extended family
Two or more closely related nuclear families clustered together into a large domestic group
patrilocal residence
A residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the husband’s father’s place of residence.
matrilocal residence
A residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the wife’s mother’s place of residence
neolocal residence
A pattern in which
The _____ is the social unit that forms the basic cooperative structure that provides for the individual.
family
The basic residential unit is the ____________.
household
Traditional foraging societies, such as the Eskimo, are likely to have _________________ families.
nuclear
You are most likely to find __________ families on Native American reservations.
extended
In the US, 32% of households are considered ________.
nonfamillies
A single ______________________ is typically the result of divorce or the advent of increased sexual activity outside of marriage
female head of household
Once married, individuals must decide where they are going to live. In cultures where men own the property and wield authority, couples typically will go live with the ________________ family, which is an example of ______________ residence.
husband’s; patrilocal
Societies in which women have important subsistence roles and descent is traced through the mother typically practice ___________ residence.
matrilocal
In Western Europe and the US, what kind of family is considered ideal?
nuclear family
What is the major difference between the culture of family in the US and cultures elsewhere?
There often is a lack of extended family ties
Although Hopi society is matrilocal, it is __________ labor that produces crops for food.
men’s
What kind of family is formed on the basis of marital ties?
conjugal
Under ___________ residence, a married couple forms a household in a separate location from their relatives; this type of residence typically occurs where the independence of the _______________ family is emphasized.
neolocal; nuclear
What is the feature of ambilocal residence?
It is a pattern in which married couples may choose wither matrilocal or patrilocal residence.
Matrilocal residence is likely a result of:
1) ecological circumstances make the role of woman predominant for subsistence
2) what is most found in horticultural societies.
Just as there is a continuum of social arrangements among relatives, from nuclear to extended families, there exist a continuum of domestic arrangements involving__________.
households
With the industrialization of Europe & North America, industrial economies require a mobile labor force in which people must move wherever job opportunities take them. How has this situation affected nuclear families?
1) Nuclear families have been isolated from other kin
2) One or both adults must seek employment outside of the household
3) Work demands may keep parents away from their children for prolonged periods of time
The Tory Islanders are Gaelic speaking fisherfolk who live off the coast of Ireland. What type of family organization is typically found in their community?
consanguineal
In what type of residence pattern would it be common to see compensation, such as a bride-price take place?
patrilocal
Which members are considered to be part of a consanguineal family?
1) related women
2) their brothers
3) the women’s offspring
Who wrote “The Elementary Structures of Kinship and The Family and Social Life of the Nambikwara Indians?”
Claude Levi-Strauss
