Chapter 12 - Politics, Power & Violence Flashcards
A relatively small and loosely organized kin-group that inhabits a specific territory and that may split periodically into smaller extended family groups that are politically independent.
band
The ability of individuals or groups to impose their will upon others and make them do things even against their own wants and wishes.
power
The process of determining who gets what, when and how.
politics
The way power, as the capacity to do something, is accumulated, arranged, executed, and structurally distributed and embedded in society; the means through which a society creates and maintains social order and reduces social disorder.
political organization
In anthropology, refers to a range of kin-ordered groups that are politically integrated by some unifying factor and whose members share common ancestry, identity, culture, language and territory.
tribe
A politically organized society in which several neighboring communities inhabiting a territory are united under a single ruler (commonly known as chief).
chiefdom
A political institution established to manage and defend a complex, socially stratified society occupying a defined territory.
state
A people who share a collective identity based on a common culture, language, territorial base and history.
nation
Claiming and exercising power as justified by law or custom or tradition,
authority
Imposition of obedience or submission by force or intimidation.
coercion
The right of political leaders to govern-to hold, use and allocate power-on the socially accepted customs, rules, or laws that bind and hold a people together as a collective whole.
legitimacy
Control through beliefs and values deeply internalized in the minds of the individual.
cultural control
A person’s capacity to manage his or her spontaneous feelings, restraining impulsive behavior.
self-control
External control through open coercion.
social control
An externalized social control designed to encourage conformity to social norms.
sanction
Formal rules of conduct that, when violated, effectuate negative sanctions.
law
The physical extermination of one people by another, either as a deliberate act or as the accidental outcome of activities carried out by one people with little regard for their impact on others.
genocide
A contract or formally binding agreement between two or more groups that are independent and self-governing political groups such as tribes, chiefdoms, and states.
treaty
The use of direct argument and compromise by the parties to a dispute to arrive voluntarily at a mutually satisfactory agreement.
negotiation
Settlement of a dispute through negotiation assisted by an unbiased third party.
mediation
Mediation with an unbiased third party making the ultimate decision.
ajudication
